
 11
⫠  ஢ ᥬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

       ।祭  ணࠬ⮢,   
ணࠬ஢  몥 ᥬ   ᥬ⢠ 80
86.

      ⫠稪,  ᠭ   ⮩ ,    
  ⫠  ணࠬ,  ,    
訡,    㦨 ⥬ ᯮᮡ,  ᠭ
 ⮩ .

      ᫥饬  ࠧ  ,        
  室   ⫠  ஢ ᥬ.  ⥬
뢠      ஢ન   ﭨ      
ᯮ짮  ஥ ᥬ  ᥬ.  ⥬ 
,      ஢      ஢    ࠡ⠭
⭠    ,    ᬠਢ  ᮤন
⥪ 맮 㭪権,   ஢  ஢ ᮤন
ॣ஢     ,  ,    ஢    
ﭨ 䫠 .

  筮 ⫠  ஢ 室 ⥪
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      設⢥  砥    ⫠  ணࠬ  饭  
   ணࠬ ந  ஢  室 ⥪.
 頥  䨪ࠬ ணࠬ, 뢠   ⮬ 
,   ஬  ᠭ  室  ⥪,    ⫠
ணࠬ, 믮 ࠣ  室 ⥪.

            ॡ   㡦   ᫥
஡,   ᬠਢ   設    ,    ନ஢
஬,  ᮤন  ॣ஢     ⥪.  ⮡
 ,      ᥬ⢮ ஢ 8086
    ⥬,    ८ࠧ 室 ⥪ ணࠬ 
設 .  ᪮    筮    
, 饭 ७ ࠡ ,   㤥 
ᬠਢ    ⠫쭮.   ᬠਢ   設   ,
ନ஢      ப  室  ⥪ ணࠬ,
  ,     設   
室 ⥪.

          ᪠,  ਬ,   뢠
ப 室 ⥪ ணࠬ,     믮  
  ⢨.  ᪮  ⫠稪  믮   蠣 
ப 室 ⥪,       室
㧭  १  믮  ன   ப.  믮
ணࠬ         設   ,       ஢
஬   १,      ०   ਤ  
஥ ६  ,  ⮡ ,   ࠭᫨
 室 ⥪  設 .

 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬    ⮡ࠦ    ଠ    ﭨ
.  ஢     , ⠢騥
     ணࠬ.      ஥  ᥬ  
      ⠢  ६ ""  ணࠬ,
  筮  ⠪    ,      뢠  
室 ⥪  몥 ᥬ.  ஬ ⮣  
 ७ ⠬      ,  ⮡ࠦ    
᪮쪨 ࠧ ଠ  ஢ .

     . 11.1  


      ⮣ ⮡     ,      
     View/CPU.   ᨬ  ⮣,   
ᬠਢ  ⥪饬  ,  ᫥      
뤥騩    㤥  ⠭       ᮮ⢥饩
樨 ,     ⥪.        
ᬠਢ  ७    ,      ⥪ 
⥪饩 窥 ணࠬ.

     ਢ  ⠡ 뢠,  㤥 ⠭
뤥騩  ᫥ 믮  CPU.

     ------------------------------------------------------------
     饥          
     ------------------------------------------------------------
     ⥪               ⥪            饥 ﭨ SS:SP
                                饥 ﭨ CS:IP
     ⢨                          ⢨
     ६          *           
     ஢ન                        
     祪 ⠭                    窨 ⠭

     * , ᫨    -  ணࠬ.
     ------------------------------------------------------------

      孥 ப    㪠  ⨯  ᯮ㥬
  (8086,  80186,  80286    80386).    
ࠧ   .    室        
㣮  ᯮ    Tab   Shift-Tab.   孥 
  (  )  ⮡ࠦ  ᥬ஢   
ணࠬ  ६    ப  室 ⥪.   ஬
孥  ( ॣ஢)  ᮤন ॣ஢
.     ࠢ    (  䫠)  ⮡ࠦ
ﭨ  쬨  䫠  .        
(   )   ⮡ࠦ     ⭠筮  ଠ
   ࠭  .     ࠢ
 ( ⥪)  ᮤন ⥪.

          㪠⥫   ५ 뢠 ⥪
 ணࠬ (CS:IP).   ⥪ 㪠⥫   ५
뢠  ⥪    ⥪ (SS:SP).

     ᫨ 뤥         頥  
,  孥 ப  㪠뢠  ⮩   
⥪饥  ᮤন.      ६ ,  
     ࠭      祭,  ஥
  ᠭ    ⠭  .

         䫠   ⮡ࠦ  ﭨ    䫠
.

          㣨  ⨥  Alt-F10 뢠
쭮      .  ᫨    ।
⨢ ,  ⨥   Ctrl    ⠭    ࢮ
㪢 㦭  뢠  .

       ,   ⥪ ⨥  Ctrl-"५
"    Ctrl-"५   ࠢ"   ᤢ   砫   
⮡ࠦ        ᮮ⢥⢥     
.   ᯮᮡ ,  祬 ᯮ짮   Goto,  ᫨
ॡ   ᬥ ⮡ࠦ  .

 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬    ⮡ࠦ  ᥬ஢  ,
稭  ࠭ .

         ᥬ஢ ப 㪠 
 .    ⮡ࠦ   ⭠
祭  ᥣ  ᬥ饭,   祭 ᥣ 
 ॣ CS,  ᫨   祭  ᮢ    ⥪騬
ᮤন ॣ CS. ᫨  筮 ப (  
ࠧ 뫨 㢥祭  ᮮ⢥饩  ),  ⮡ࠦ
,   ⠢騥      .   ࠢ   ⮡ࠦ
ᥬ஢ .

ᥬ   --------------------------------------------------

        ⮬᪨ ᥬ    ⮡ࠦ
  ணࠬ.  ᫨    ᮮ⢥   쭮
䨪,    쭮  䨪,     
ப,   ப । ᥬ஢  ⮡ࠦ
  䨪  (᫨    Mixed  ⠭   ०
⮡ࠦ  ப  室  ⥪  । ᥬ஢묨
).  ஬ ⮣,  ᫨  ப  室  ⥪,
   ᮮ⢥         䨪,  
⮡ࠦ ᫥ ⮣ 䨪.

      䨪 ⮡ࠦ     .
    䨪஢  㪠뢠  ,  
⤥  ᠬ 䨪  #   窮.  
ப  ⮡ࠦ    ,    ⮨  #
 窠,  ⥬   ப.

     ᫨ ⮡ࠦ    ஬   ࠭,   
ࠧ    ᫨,  室    ⢠ :  ⮢
祭   ,  祭   ᫮    
.

     Turbo Debugger  㦨 ᫮ ᮯ 8087/
80287/80387    ᥬ஢    ,  ᫨    設
⠭ ᮮ⢥ 奬    .

      쭥      ᪮ 祭
RETF.    砥 RET.

     ,     ,  祭    JMP      CALL
砥 ᨬ᪨. ᫨ ⥪   
室  ᫮ 室 ५,  㪠뢠 ࠢ
室 㤥 ⮡ࠦ ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 믮塞
 ⢨⥫쭮 맮 室.  ஬ ⮣,  
  MOV, ADD  㣨 ⮡ࠦ  ᨬ᪮ .

쭮      -----------------------------------

     --------------
     Goto
     Origin
     Follow
     Caller
     Previous
     Search
     View source
     Mixed      Yes
     --------------
     New cs:ip
     Assemble...
     I/O
     --------------

     ᫨    諨   , ᤥ  ᥩ 
  Tab  Shift-Tab. ⥬ 맮 쭮 ,
  Alt-F10.

 Goto
------------

     ᫥ 롮    ⮩       ⫠稪   訢   
짮⥫  ,   ஬  ३.  
,  室騥  । ணࠬ.   
஢    BIOS,  DOS     १   ⨫.   ஡
ଠ,   ᮢ, ਢ   9.

          ,    﫠  ⥪饩  ।
믮  Goto,  ᯮ짮  Previous.

 Origin
--------------

     樮    ⥪  ணࠬ,   
㪠뢠      ॣ஢   CS:IP.   ⮩       㤮
짮,    室     室 樨 
ணࠬ.

        Previos   뤥騩   
      ,       ⠭  믮
 Origin.

 Follow
--------------

     樮     祭 뤥  
 .      樮  
  ᮬ,    ஬ 뤥  । ࠢ.
  ᫮ 室  㪠뢠 ⠪,   ᫨ 
 室  믮.

           ᯮ짮      CALL,  JMP,
 ᫮ 室 (JZ,  JNE,  LOOP,  JCXZ    ..)  
 INT.

         Previos   뤥騩  
   ,        ⠭    믮
 Follow.

 Caller
--------------

     樮 뤥騩   ,   맢
⥪饥 뢠  ணࠬ.

       ࠡ⠥  ᥣ.  ᫨ ணࠬ ࠡ⪨
뢠  㣠  ணࠬ  ᫠      ⥪,  
  Turbo Debugger   ।, 㤠 뫠
맢  ணࠬ.

        Previos   뤥騩   
      ,       ⠭  믮
 Caller.

 Previos
---------------

     頥 뤥騩       ,  
    ⠭    믮  ᫥  ,  
      ࠭.   ,   
  ࠢ ஬   PgUp  PgDw   
 ⠭    Previos.

      롮    Previos    뤥饣  
   ,        믮  ⮩
   ᮤন    㤥  ४    
묨 ﬨ.

 Search
--------------

     ।, ॡ              
᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.   ⮣    筮 
⠪    ,              
Assemble.

     頩   ,     ⠥ .
  ᪠  ⮫쪮   ,     ,  
  뫨  ᥬ஢  ᨬ  ⮣,    
      ᥬ.  ਬ,   ᫥
  뢠  ஡:

     PUSH  DX
     POP   (DI+1)
     ADD   AX,100

      ⪠      ᫥騥      ਢ    
।᪠㥬 १⠬:

     JE    123
     CALL  MYfUNC
     LOOP  $-10

             ᫥⥫쭮  ⮢.
 ஡  ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢ ᠭ   9.

 Mixed
-------------

     砥                   ०     ⮡ࠦ
ᥬ஢   室 :

     No        室   ⮡ࠦ ᮢᥬ; ⮡ࠦ
     ()     ⮫쪮 ᥬ஢ .

     Yes       ப 室 ⥪ ⮡ࠦ । ࢮ
     ()      ᥬ஢    ப
               室 ⥪.  ४砥  
               ० ⮡ࠦ, ᫨ ⥪騩  
               室 㫥  몥 ᮪ ஢.

     Both      ᫨  ᥬ஢  
     ()     ᮮ⢥  ப 室 ⥪, 
               ப ⮡ࠦ   ,  ⨢
               砥 ⮡ࠦ ᥬ஢ .
                ० 㤮 ᯮ짮  ⫠
               ᥬ୮ ,  
               ᥬ஢  ॡ ᬠਢ
               ᮮ⢥騥  ப 室 ⥪. 
               ० ⠭  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ⥪騩
                 室 㫥  몥
               ᥬ.

 New CS:IP
-----------------

     ⠭ 㪠⥫    ⥪饩     樨     ணࠬ
(ᮤন ॣ஢ CS:IP)  뤥    .
 ᫥饬 ᪥ ணࠬ  믮  筥    
.      㤮  ਬ      ,  
ॡ ன  믮  ࠣ .

     ⮩  ᫥ 짮   ᮡ  ஦.
᫨  ᬥ  㪠⥫     ணࠬ  㣨 ﭨ
⥪,  祬  ⥪饩  窥,    ⭥  ᥣ  ਢ  
⠫쭮  ᡮ  ணࠬ.     ᫥ ᯮ짮
  ⠭  㪠⥫  ⥪饩  樨  ணࠬ    ,
室  । ⥪饩 ணࠬ.

 Assemble
----------------

     ᥬ ,    ,     室   
뤥 ப. ᫥ 롮 ⮩  ⫠稪 訢
,   ॡ ᥬ஢.   祭 
஡  ଠ樨      ࠧ  "ᥬ" 
.

          ⠪  맢,    砢   
,   室 ᥬ஢.   ⮬  ࠭
  ,  筮 ⠪ ,  ᫨  
Assemble 뫠 ࠭  .

 I/O
-----------

     -------------
     In byte
     Out byte
     read word
     Write word
     -------------

     믮     뢮  祭    /뢮
,        ஢    ᮤন     ॣ஢
/뢮,  室      뢠   .

      롮 ⮩   ࠭   
.


      In Byte

     뢠     /뢮.  ⫠稪 訢
 ,  ᮤন ண ॡ ஢.    ⮣
⮡   祭      ᫮, ᯮ
 Read Word.

      Out Byte

     뢠     /뢮.  ⫠稪  訢
    祭,  ஥ ॡ   .  
⮣  ⮡    祭            ᫮,
ᯮ  Write Word.

      Read Word

     뢠 ᫮   /뢮.  ⫠稪 訢
 ,  ᮤন ண ॡ ஢.    ⮣
⮡   祭      ,  ᯮ
 In Byte.

      Write Word

     뢠 ᫮   /뢮.  ⫠稪  訢
    祭,  ஥ ॡ   .  
  祭      /뢮           
ᯮ  Out Byte.

          IN   OUT     
/뢮,      ᯮ   ஫   ਩
ன,   ⠪         ᫥⥫쭮  䥩,
஫ ᪠  .

      ⥫    ᯮ짮   ⮩   :   
  ன⢠  /뢮  ⥭   ⮢ ⠥
  ᮡ⨥,    ஬   ன⢮      믮
- ⢨,   ਬ, ⠭ ⮢ ﭨ 
㧪             .      ஦
ᯮ짮  ⮩       ଠ쭠 ࠡ
⫠ ணࠬ  ன⢠.

 Register  Flags
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      Register, 室饥  ࠢ   Code,
뢠 ᮤন ॣ஢ .

     孥 ࠢ    -      Flags,    ஬
  ﭨ 쬨 䫠 .   ਢ 
⠡ ᫥  䫠   祭    䫠.

          ------------------------------------------
          㪢        䫠
          ------------------------------------------
               c               ७
               z               
               s               
               o               ९
               p               ⭮
               a               ⥫쭮
                              ७
               i               ࠧ襭
                              뢠
               d               ࠢ
          ------------------------------------------


쭮   ॣ஢ --------------------------------

      맮 쭮     ॣ஢    
  Alt-F10.  ᫨ ࠧ襭 ᯮ짮 ⨢  
樨  襩 Ctrl,       맢,  
 Ctrl  ⠭  ࢮ 㪢  .

     --------------------
     Increment
     Decrement
     Zero
     Change...
     Registers 32-bit  No
     --------------------


 Increment
-----------------

     稢     祭  뤥  ॣ.  
 ⮩    믮   "ன"
祭 ॣ, ⮡ ࠢ 饭  ணࠬ 訡.

 Decrement
-----------------

     蠥   祭 뤥 ॣ.

 Zero
------------

     ⠭ 祭 뤥 ॣ ࠢ .

 Change...
-----------------

      祭 뤥 ॣ. ⫠稪 訢
 祭.     祭  ᯮ짮 
騥  ᫥ ࠦ.

        ⠪ 맢,   砢  
祭   ॣ.  ⮬  ࠭  
,  筮 ⠪ ,  ᫨   Change 뫠 ࠭
 .

 Registers 32-bit
------------------------

     믮 ४祭  ०  ⮡ࠦ  祭
16-  32-⮢ ॣ஢ .  ࠡ  ஬
80386 筮 ᯮ ० ⮡ࠦ 32-⮢ ॣ஢,
᫨       ⠭ ० ⮡ࠦ
16-   ⮢   ॣ஢.      ⢨⥫쭮   室
ᬠਢ  祭 32-⮢ ॣ஢  ⮫쪮  ⮬
砥,  ᫨  ⫠  ணࠬ   ᯮ   
32-⮢ 樨  80386.   ⫠ ணࠬ,  
ன ᯮ ⮫쪮 筠  16-⮢    
ᯮ짮 ० ⮡ࠦ 16-⮢ ॣ஢.

쭮   䫠   ---------------------------------

     -------
     Toggle
     -------

      맮   쭮      䫠    
 Alt-F10.  ᫨ ࠧ襭 ᯮ짮 ⨢   
樨    襩 Ctrl,     맢,  
 Ctrl  ⠭  ࢮ 㪢  .


 Toggle
--------------

     ⠭ 祭 䫠 ࠢ 1,  ᫨  뫮  ࠢ
0,   0,  ᫨  뫮 ࠢ 1.  祭 0 ᮮ⢥ 
䫠,   祭 1 -  ⠭.      ࠭
䫠  ⠪   Enter.

 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬  ⮡ࠦ 筮  ᮤন ࠭
  .        ப 㪠뢠 
,  ⮡ࠦ   ப.    ⮡ࠦ 
   ⭠   祭  ᥣ    ᬥ饭,  
祭 ᥣ     ॣ  DS,  ᫨  
ᮢ  ᮤন ⮣ ॣ.

        ப  ⮡ࠦ     ᪮쪮 ⮢
.  ଠ ।⠢    ⮣,  ०
⮡ࠦ    ࠭     Display As 쭮
.  ᫨ ࠭   ଠ⮢ ⮡ࠦ ᥫ  饩
窮 (Comp,  Float,  Real,  Double,  Extended),   ப
⮡ࠦ ⮫쪮  ᫮  饩 窮.  ଠ Byte
  ப ⮡ࠦ 8 ⮢,   ଠ Word - 4 ᫮,
 ଠ Long - 2  ᫮.

      ࠢ   ப ਢ ᨬ 祭,
ᮮ⢥騥   ⮡ࠦ   ⠬  .  Turbo  Debugger
⮡ࠦ   ⮢ 祭   ᨬ ,
⮬  㤨, ᫨ ࠢ  ⭠ 祭
⮢      㢨  -    ᨬ;   
ᨬ  ⭠ 祭.

     ਬ砭: ᫨      ᯮ  ஢ન
ᮤন ,    ,  ᮤঠ饣  BIOS,
   ஢    訬  ᠬ  ,      
⮡ࠦ 祭,  ᮤঠ    믮
⫠  ணࠬ,    䠪᪨ 祭,   ⠬
ᮤঠ  ࠡ ⫠稪 Turbo Debugger.     
祭,  ᮤঠ      ᬮ. ᫨
ணࠬ 頥      ,    ᯮ
⫠稪,    㦨        ࠢ 祭
  ⮣  ,      ࠭    ⥩  ,
ᯮ㥬 ணࠬ 짮⥫.

쭮      ---------------------------------

      맮   쭮          
 Alt-F10.  ᫨ ࠧ襭 ᯮ짮 ⨢   
樨    襩 Ctrl,     맢,  
 Ctrl  ⠭  ࢮ 㪢  .

     ----------------
     Goto
     Search
     Next
     Change
     Follow       >
     Previous
     ----------------
     Display as   >
     Block        >
     ----------------

 Goto
------------

     樮       㪠 ᮬ.
᫥ 롮 ⮩       ,    ஬
ॡ  ३.      ⭮  
,   DOS,  १묨 ணࠬ  室  
।  ⫠  ணࠬ,    ஢ ,
室騥        BIOS.     ᮢ   ஡
ᬮ७   9.

 Search
--------------

     믮  ப ᨬ,  稭  ⥪饣  
,   㪠  뤥騬  ஬.    ⢥    
⫠稪   ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.    ᪥  
ந室  ⮬᪮  室      ᥣ   
砫.   ᫥⥫쭮⥩ ⮢  ஡  ᬮ७  
 9.

 Next
------------

     믮   ᫥饣     ᫥⥫쭮
⮢,   ।饩  Search.

 Change...
-----------------

        ,  室騥    ⥪饩  樨
.  ᫨    ⠭    ASCII-ᨬ   ࠭
⮢ ଠ,   ⢥   ⫠稪  室  
᫥⥫쭮   ⮢.     ⨢  砥    
,   ᮮ⢥騩    ⥪饬    ଠ    ⮡ࠦ.
᫥⥫쭮 ⮢ ᬮ७   9.

          ⠪  맢,    砢  
   祭    祭.    ⮬    ࠭
  , 筮 ⠪ ,    롮 
Change  .

 Follow
--------------

       뢠 , ஥  ࣠
楯祪   쭨 㪠⥫.

     -----------------------
     Near code
     Far code
     -----------------------
     Offset to data
     Segment:offset to data
     Base segment:0 to data
     -----------------------

      Near Code

      ᫮      ஬      Data  
ᬥ饭  ⥪饬   ᥣ,      ॣ  CS.
 Code  ⠭  ⥪騬     樮 
 .

      Far Code

       ᫮  ஬   Data 
쭨    (ᥣ    ᬥ饭).    Code ⠭
⥪騬   樮   .

      Offset to Data

      ࣠뢠 楯窨 㪠⥫ ࠧ஬  ᫮
(, ..      ⮫쪮   ᬥ饭).    Data
樮    ᬥ饭,      ᫮       ,
।塞 ⥪饩 樥 .

      Segment: Offset to Data

      ࣠뢠  楯窨  쭨  㪠⥫ (..
 ᥣ⮬  ᬥ饭).   Data  樮
  ᬥ饭,      ᫮    ,  ।塞
⥪饩 樥 .

      Base Segment:0 to Data

        ᫮  ஬    
ᥣ  樮  Data  砫 ⮣ ᥣ.

 Previos
---------------

     頥          ,  ஥
﫮  ⥪騬    믮  ᫥ ,  襩
ᮤন .   ,       
ࠢ ஬   PgUp  PgDw,     
  ⠭.

     ᫥  ᮢ   ⫠稪    ⥪,
  祬    ᫥   ⭮ 浪 믮
᪮쪨 ᫥   Follow  Goto.

 Display As
------------------

     -----------
     Byte
     Word
     Long
     Comp
     Float
     Real
     Double
     Extended
     -----------

        ଠ  ⮡ࠦ        
.      ⮩          ଠ
।⠢  ,  ᯮ㥬    몠  ,  ᪠   
ᥬ. 롮 ଠ ந   , 
.

ଠ Byte
-----------

     ଠ             ⮡ࠦ      
⭠ ⮢.   ଠ  ᮮ⢥  ⨯  char
몠   ⨯ byte 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Word
-----------

     ଠ           ⮡ࠦ        
⭠   ᥫ         ᫮.  ⮡ࠦ
2-⮢ ⭠ 祭.   ଠ ᮮ⢥
⨯ int 몠   ⨯ word 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Long
-----------

     ଠ           ⮡ࠦ        
⭠ 楫 ᥫ    ᫮. ⮡ࠦ 4-
⮢ ⭠ ᫠.   ଠ ᮮ⢥ ⨯
long 몠   ⨯ longint 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Comp
-----------

     ଠ    ⮡ࠦ     8-⮢
楫 ᥫ. ⮡ࠦ  楫᫥ 祭. 
ଠ ᮮ⢥ ⨯ comp (࠭ IEEE) 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Float
------------

     ଠ       ⮡ࠦ    ⪨
ᥫ  饩 窮. ᫠  饩 窮 ⮡ࠦ 
ᯮ樠쭮  ଥ.    ଠ  ᮮ⢥  ⨯ float
몠   ⨯ single (⠭ IEEE) 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Real
-----------

     ଠ      ⮡ࠦ   6-⮢
ᥫ  饩 窮,  ᯮ㥬  몥 ᪠.  ᫠ 
饩  窮  ⮡ࠦ    ᯮ樠쭮 ଥ.  
ଠ ᮮ⢥ ⨯ real 몠 ᪠.

ଠ Double
-------------

     ଠ      ⮡ࠦ   8-⮢
ᥫ  饩 窮. ᫠  饩 窮 ⮡ࠦ 
ᯮ樠쭮  ଥ.    ଠ  ᮮ⢥ ⨯ double
몠   ⨯ TBYTE 몠 ᥬ.

ଠ Extended
---------------

     ଠ    ⮡ࠦ   10-⮢
ᥫ  饩 窮. ᫠  饩 窮 ⮡ࠦ 
ᯮ樠쭮  ଥ.    ଠ  ᮮ⢥ ७
ଠ ।⠢      ᮯ  8087.    ⠪
ᮮ⢥ ⨯ long double 몠   ⨯ extended (⠭
IEEE) 몠 ᪠.

 Block
-------------

     ------------
     Clear
     Move
     Set
     Read
     Write
     ------------

      㫨஢  ᮤন    .  
६,      ⠭  祭    ,
뢠  ᮤন ᪮ 䠩     뢠
   ᪮ 䠩.   롮 ⮩   ࠭
 , .

 Clear
-------------

     뢠   (0) ᮤন 뢭   .
⫠稪 訢 砫   ⢮ ⮢, 
室 .

 Move
------------

             㣮.  ⫠稪 訢
 室 ,   १饣    ⢮
⮢, ஥   ᪮஢.

 Set
-----------

     ⠭ 뢭        ⮢
祭.  ⫠稪  訢  ,  ⢮ ⮢,
஥ 室 ⠭,   祭,   ஥  
 ⠭.

 Read
------------

     뢠 ᮤন 䠩   ࠣ    .
⫠稪  ᭠砫  訢   䠩,   ண ॡ
 ଠ,    ⥬    ,      㤥
ந 뢠,  ⢮ ⮢  ⮬ .

 Write
-------------

     뢠 ᮤন    䠩.  ⫠稪 ᭠砫
訢    䠩,    ॡ  ,  
⥬   ,  ண    , 
⢮ ⮢  ⮬ .

 Stack
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      Stack,  室饥   ࠢ 㣫    CPU,
뢠 ᮤন ⥪.

쭮   ⥪
----------------------------

     ------------
     Goto
     Origin
     Follow
     Previous
     Change...
     ------------

      맮 쭮   ⥪   
Alt-F10.   ᫨   ࠧ襭   ᯮ짮   ⨢    
樨  襩 Ctrl,   맮    
 Ctrl  ⠭  ࢮ 㪢  .

 Goto
------------

     樮   ।   ⥪.   ⢥
    ⫠稪     .  ᫨ 室,
  , 室騥  । ⥪ ⫠
ணࠬ,      筮     ஢ન  ந  ,
室  । ணࠬ,  ᯮ  .
 ᮢ ஡ ᠭ   9.

      Previos 頥 뤥騩    ⥪
 ,    ⠭  믮  Goto.

 Origin
--------------

     ⠭ 뤥騩    ⥪  ⥪, 
  㪠뢠    ॣ஢  SS:SP.      㤮
ᯮ짢    室 .

      Previos 頥 뤥騩    ⥪
 ,    ⠭  믮  Origin.

 Follow
--------------

     樮 뤥騩   ᫮  ⥪,  ஥
㪠뢠 뤥 ᫮.   㤮 ᯮ짮  
,      ॡ  ன  ᪮쪮  ᫥⥫
⮢ ⥪    뢠 㭪.

      Previos 頥 뤥騩    ⥪
 ,    ⠭  믮  Follow.

 Previos
---------------

     頥 뤥騩    ⥪   , 
   ⠭  믮 ,  饩  ⥪饥
.   뤥饣 ,     
 ࠢ ஬   PgUp  PgDw,    
⠭.

      믮  Previos  ४ ᮤন
 ⥪      㣮.

 Change
--------------

       뤥 祭   ⥪ 
祭,  ண ࠢ  ᫮.

          ⠪  맢,    砢  
  祭   뤥    ⥪.  
⮬  ࠭   , 筮 ⠪ ,   
롮  Change  .

ᥬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ⫠稪 Turbo Debugger  ᥬ஢  
஢ 8086,  80186,  80286,  80386,    ⠪    
᫮ ᮯ஢ 8087, 80287  80387.

     ᫨   䨪樨  ⫠  ணࠬ  ᯮ
஥ ᥬ  ⫠稪  Turbo  Debugger,    ,
ᨬ  ணବ,    ﭭ묨. ᫨ १㧨
ணࠬ       Run/Program  Reset    㧨
  ணࠬ        File/Open,   ᥭ
  .

     ஥ ᥬ஬  筮   㤮   짮   
஢ન      ࠢ  訡   ணࠬ.  ᫨ ᫥
ᥭ  ணࠬ 稭 ࠡ ࠢ쭮, ᫥
३  ⥪⮢ ।,   ᮮ⢥騥  
室 ⥪,   ⥬    ᪮஢    ᪮
ணࠬ.

      ᫥饬    ࠧ   ᠭ   ࠧ      ᨭ⠪
஥ ᥬ  몠 Turbo Assembler.

 ࠧ  ࠭   -----------------------------

        맮  (CALL),  室  (JMP)      ᫮
室  (JNE,  JL    ..)  ᥬ ⮬᪨ 
   쭮   ࠧ,      ⨣    
祭.    ⮣  ⮡     㦭 ࠧ,
 ᯮ짮 䨪 NEAR  FAR,  ᠭ । ᮬ
祭, ਬ,

     CALL FAR XYZ
     jmp NEAR Al

࠭    ஬ ࠭
------------------------------------------

         䨪   ணࠬ  ᯮ  
⢥  ࠭  ,   室   㪠   ஥
ᥬ,      ࠡ뢠:  祭  
.   ᫨      ⢥   ࠭   ᠭ   ⮫쪮   ᠬ
䨪,  ᥬ  ࠡ뢠   ,  筮 ⠪
,  ᫨  ।    OFFSET 몠 ᥬ.
᫨   䨪   祭      ᪮  ([]),  
ࠡ뢠    ᮤন    .   ⨬,   
ணࠬ  ᫥饥 ᠭ :

     A    DW 4

      ᥬ       饭 
ᮤন  ६    祭  ࠦ   몠
ᥬ,  ᫥ ᯮ짮    ६,  
 ६, 祭   ᪮.

     mov dx,a
     mov ax,[a]

      ⮣  ⮡        ६,  ᫥
ᯮ짮  OFFSET:

     mov ax, offset a

 ࠧ ࠭   ------------------------------------

        室 㪠뢠 ࠧ  ࠭ 
         ᫥   ࠦ,  ᠭ  ।
࠭:

     BYTE PTR
     WORD PTR

      ਢ    ਬ    ࠧ  ࠭ 
 㪠 ࠦ.

     add BYTE PTR[si],10
     mov WORD PTR[bp+10],99

      ᥬ஢  ᫮ ᮯ 8087/80287
  ࠧ ࠭ ஬  㪠  ᯮᮡ  
ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ࠦ:

     DWORD PTR
     QWORD PTR
     TBYTE PTR

      ਢ  ਬ ᯮ짮  ࠦ.

     fild QWORD PTR[bx]
     stp  TBYTE PTR[bp+4]

 ࠡ⪨ ப   ---------------------------------------

      ᥬ஢  ࠡ⪨ ப    ᪮
祭   室  ࠧ (  ᫮).
ᥬ   ਭ    ப  ,    ன
ᯮ ࠧ୮ ᪮ 祭  ࠭,
 ஬ 㪠  ࠧ.  ਬ,      STOS  WORD
PTR[DI], ᫥ ᯮ짮  STOSW.

 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬  ⮡ࠦ        ࠭
  .      ࠡ⠥  筮 ⠪ ,   
  .

     .11.2   Dump

      祭 ଠ樨  ࠡ  ⨬     
  쭮    ࠧ "쭮  
"  .

        㤮  ᯮ짮     ⫠   ᥬ୮
ணࠬ       ஢   室   ⥪,   ᫨   ॡ
ᬠਢ ᮤন ⥩ .   ⮣ ⮡ 
 ,  ᯮ짮  View/Dump.

        ⠪    ᯮ짮    ࠡ    
஢ન,   ॡ ᬮ ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢,
⠢ ஢塞  .  롮  View/Dump
뢠      ,      ஬   ⮡ࠦ    ,
ᬠਢ   ஢ન.

 ॣ஢
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬  ⮡ࠦ ᮤন ॣ஢    
ﭨ  䫠.   ࠡ⠥ 筮 樨 
ॣ஢  䫠  .

     .11.3   Registers

      祭 ଠ樨  ࠡ  ⨬     
      ࠧ "쭮  
ॣ஢"  "쭮   䫠"  .

        㤮  ᯮ짮     ⫠   ᥬ୮
ணࠬ   ஢ 室 ⥪,   ॡ ஢
ﭨ  ॣ஢  .

      㤮⢠ ࠡ  㬥  ࠧ      
  ॣ஢ 冷  .

   ணࠬ  몥 Turbo C
--------------------------------------------

      樨 設    Turbo  C  믮
   ᯥ樠  ⢨,    室  뢠  
⫠ ᨯணࠬ.    ஬ Turbo C,  
   ,      ࠧ   ப   室   ⥪
८ࠧ  設 .

     祭, 頥  㭪樥,       ᫥騥
ॣ:

          ------------------------------------
           頥        ()
          祭
          ------------------------------------
          int                      AX
          long                     DX:AX
          float                    ST(0)
          double                   ST(0)
          long double              ST(0)
          near*                    AX
          far*                     DX:AX
          ------------------------------------

      ᯮ㥬 㪠⥫  ⨯  int    near  
頥    ॣ,  ᯮ  ᭠砫  ॣ  SI,   ⥬
ॣ DI.

       ।। ६    ࠬࠬ  㭪権
⢫ १ ॣ SS:BP.

      AX,  BX,  CX  DX    易⥫쭮  ࠭  ᢮
祭  맮 㭪権.

     ᥣ ᯮ ॣ,  ࠧ   ࠢ  
設 ᫮,   ࠡ  ᨬ묨 ⨯ .

      室   ᪮஢    
,   ᨬ  ⮣,       ᯥ稢  
䥪⨢ :

     -  ᫮ 室, ᮮ⢥騥  if...else;

     -  ⠡ 室  ᠬ ;

     -  ⠡ 室  祭 祩  ᠬ .

      ஡   ଠ      樨    Turbo  
室  ᮮ⢥ 㪮⢠  Turbo .
