
 14
 ⫠ ணࠬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ⫠,    㣨 ⠤ ࠧࠡ⪨  ᪠ ணࠬ,
  ६     㪮      ⢮.   
ᯥ樠  楤,    ᯮ짮  
訡  ணࠬ;   㣮 ஭,   ⮣  ⮡  ᪮
᫮  ⫠ ணࠬ,  ॡ   樨.

      設⢠  ⫠  ணࠬ  襥,    
ᤥ,      室 ⥪  ணࠬ  筨
訡.    ᬮ७ ⮤ ⫠,  㤮
ᯮ짮   ⮩  楫,    ,    ᪮४஢
ਥ ணࠬ஢, 뢠騥 ⭮  訡
 ணࠬ.

      稭    ᬮ७  ⢨,     
믮   㦥 ࠢ쭮 ࠡ ணࠬ.   ⮩
 ᠭ ࠧ ⮤  ⫠,    ਬ  
ࠧ  訡,      ணࠬ, 
।  ᪮쪮   ᯮᮡ   ஢ન   ࠡᯮᮡ
ணࠬ.

     ᬮਬ,  祣 ॡ ,   㦨, 
 ணࠬ ࠡ⠥ ୮.

 , ᫨ ணࠬ  ࠡ⠥?
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ० ᥣ,       ᫥   .      
ணࠬ⠬ । 㤠  ࢮ  ࠧ    ணࠬ,
 ࠧ 稭 ࠢ쭮 ࠡ.

     ⮡       讣   ⢠   ६  
१ ᪮,  ࠩ ८  ᮡ    
ந  ᯮ冷  ⥧    ⮬,     室
訡.    ᥣ  ࠧ  ᯮ짮   㭨ᠫ   
஢७ ਭ樯: ࠧ  ᫠.

         ।,   ஢        .
ਬ,   ᪠ ⥧,   訡  ।
맮  㭪樨 xyz,   ⥬ ஢  ⥧,  ⠭
믮  ணࠬ    맮  㭪樨  xyz    ஢ਢ   
ﭨ     ⮩  窥.  ᫨  訡    ⮬    㦥
ந諠,    ᤥ     ।,      訡
ந諠  ࠭.

     ᫨       맮 㭪樨 xyz 訡  ந諮,
  室  ।  뫮   .      
।,    訡   - ᫥ 맮 㭪樨
xyz.  믮 ᪮쪮  ஢ப,     
 ࠣ ணࠬ,  뢠 訡.

        ⠪,  ᪠  ,     । ࠢ쭮 
ࠡ⠥ ணࠬ      ,      ⠭  
஢ન    ﭨ?        ᯮᮡ  ।
ࠡᯮᮡ ணࠬ 砥  ஢થ   ६
 ꥪ⮢ .  ਬ,  ᫨  ணࠬ, 
頥 ᨢ,  ஢ ࠢ쭮  ࠡ, ⠭
ணࠬ  ᫥ 믮 ⮩ 㭪樨  ஢ਢ 祭 
⮢ ᨢ.

⨫ ⫠
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ணࠬ    ᢮  ᮡ⢥ ⨫ ᠭ
ணࠬ,    ࠡ뢠 ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ⨫  ⫠.
樨   ⫠,     ⮩ ,  
室  窮,    ன      ࠡ뢠  ᢮
ᮡ⢥ ⮤.

          ⮤  ⫠  ணࠬ   
⮣,    楫  ࠧࠡ뢠.    ணࠬ
।祭  ⮫쪮    ᮡ⢥ ਬ   ⮣,
⮡    ࠧ   .    
  ஢ઠ  ࠡᯮᮡ    ⮢  ணࠬ
 ᭮ ⮩ ६,  ᮡ ᫨  㡥
   ࠢ쭮      ࠡ,    ஢ਢ  뤠  
ଠ.  ணࠬ,  ᠭ    ᯮ짮   㣨
쬨,    ணࠬ,  믮騥  ,  筮  
㤭 ஢ 㠫쭮,  㦤   ண 室  
⫠.

஢ઠ ࠡ ᥩ ணࠬ   --------------------------------

      ᫮  ணࠬ   ᥣ 뢠  
ணࠬ  ᬮ,   ந室.  ᫨  ⮬ 
-  ஡,     ணࠬ ,   
ᠬ  室 ,   ஢  뢮.  ᫥ ⮣
  ⥯  ᫮        ,  
ணࠬ    ⠭  뤠    १.     
   ⢮,  ᪮쪮        
ணࠬ, ࠡ ࠢ쭮.

᫥⥫쭮 ஢   ---------------------------------

     ᫨ 室   㢥७  ࠡᯮᮡ
ணࠬ,   ᫥   ஢     ⤥  ணࠬ  
㡥  ⮬,      ࠡ⠥  ࠢ쭮    ᯥ樠묨
⮢묨  室묨  묨.    ᤥ  ᯮᮡ:
 ஢    ணࠬ        ᠭ,
ᤥ   ⮢ ணࠬ,  뢠 , 
। ⮢ ;          ⫠稪
஢ 믮 ணࠬ  蠣 ० ᫥ ⮣, 
㤥 ᠭ  ணࠬ.

 訡
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     訡    ணࠬ      ࠧ       訥
⥣ਨ:  訡,  ࠪ  몠,   ஬  ᠭ
ணࠬ  (,  ᪠   ᥬ),   訡,  騥
騬   몮 ணࠬ஢.

      ᮮ⢥騥 뢮  室 ⫠ ᢮ ணࠬ,
      ᯥ   몠 樨,  
뢠   㤭,   ⠪  騥  訡,    
᪠      ணࠬ஢.   ᫥⢨     ᬮ
ᯮ짮  祭        ⮣,   ⮡   
  訡    饬,      ᭮ 祭 
室 訡  ᢮ ᫥ ணࠬ.

       ⮬  ,    ,      
⭮    ⭠  訡  ⠪ ࠧ ࠧ 
ᥡ ᯮᮡ  ணࠬ  訡.    ,  
 ணࠬ  訡, 祬 㬥 㦨 訡.

騥 訡   --------------------------------------------------

      ⪮  ᫥ ਬ 訡,   ࠪ
 ணࠬ   몠.

 䥪
---------------

      ஦   饭    묨  ६묨  
㭪 맮 㭪樨  ਢ      
६   :

     char workbuf[20];
     strcpy(workbuf,"all done\n");
     convert("xyz");
     printf(workbuf);
     ...
     convert(char *p)
     {
        strcpy(workbuf, p);
        while (*p)
           ...
     }

      ࠢ쭮   襭   砥      ᯮ짮
㭪樥 ᮡ⢥ ࠡ祣 .

 ।,   㦥 樠஢
------------------------------------------------

              ,       ६   㦥   뫨
樠஢ - 㣮 ணࠬ:

     char *workbuf;
     addworkstring(char *s)
     {
        strcpy(workbuf, s);   /* 訡 */
     }

      㦭   ।:

     if (workbuf == 0) workbuf = (char *)malloc(20);

 믮 ⪠ 
---------------------------

      訡    ਢ   ணࠬ ᡮ -
⮣,  室  ࠭⢮ :

     crunch_string(char *p)
     {
        char *work = (char *)malloc(strlen(p));
        strcpy(work, p);
        ...
        return(p);    /*  ⮬ work  ।  */
     }

訡 "᫥ ⮫ த"
-----------------------------------

     ⮣ த  訡    ன  :  "᫨ 
 ⠢ த  100 ⮢  ⮫ १ 
10 ⮢,  ᪮쪮   ⮫?" ,  
⢥ - 10 ⮫ (,    ᫥ ⮫  
த?).    ਢ   ਬ   ⠪   த  訡  
-ணࠬ:

     for (n = 1; n < 10; n++)
     {
        ...           /* 訡 - 横 믮 ⮫쪮 9 ࠧ */
     }

      䨣  1  10,     ,  
横 㤥 믮 10 ࠧ.  (⮡  ᠬ    ⠪    뫮,
 <  <=).

訡, ࠪ  ணࠬ஢     ----------------

      㪮⢥  짮⥫      Turbo C  ࠧ,
饭 "誠"  ணࠬ⮢,  ࠡ   ,  
  ᥣ  ᢮   "誠"    
⫠ ॠ쭮 ணࠬ.

      Turbo C  祭  室    訡,
ᯥ    몠  ,    㣨  ࠬ  
㦨.     ६, ॡ饣 
⫠, ᫨  ନ஢   ।०
.  (ଠ    ନ஢     ।०
ਢ  㪮⢥ 짮⥫   Turbo C).

      ਢ   ᠭ     ࠪ  砥,
 뢠 㤭    ணࠬ஢    .  
      ᠭ   訡    Turbo  C  뤠
।०騥 ᮮ饭.   뢠  稭 
⠪   ᮮ饭,   ᪮      ।।    
᪠  訡.

ᯮ짮 樠஢ ⮬᪨ ६
------------------------------------------------------------

      몥  -६,  ᠭ  㭪樨, 
। 祭,        㤥  -  ࠧ
㦥:

     do_ten_times()
     {
        int n;
        while (n < 10)
           {
           ...
           n++;
        }
     }

      ⮩  㭪樨 横 while 㤥 믮 ।᪠㥬
᫮ ࠧ,  ᪮ ६ n   뫠  ⠭    
। ᯮ짮   ⢥ 稪 横.

ᯮ짮 =  ==
-------------------------

         ᢠ 祭 ( =),  ⠪  
஢   ࠢ⢮   祭   (  ==)    ࠦ,
ਬ,

     if (x = y) {
        ...
     }

      諥  祭  ६  y  㤥  ᢮
६ x   믮   ࠦ if, ᫨ 
祭  ࠢ .   ⮣ ᪮॥  ᥣ    뫮
 ᠭ ᫥饥:

     if (x = = y) {
        ...

ࠢ쭠 ⠭ 権  ࠦ
---------------------------------------------

      몥      ⠪  権,   ,  ᫨
ࠦ ᮤন  ࠧ 権,  訡  
⠭.          砥,    
맢 訡  ⠭   権,    ⠭  
  ࠦ  権  ᤢ    ᫮  ( ⠭).
ਬ, 祭 ࠦ

     x = 3 << 1 + 1

     㤥 ࠢ 12,    7,    뫮 ,  ᫨  
<<  ।  +.

ࠢ쭮 ᫥ 㪠⥫
----------------------------------

       ᯮ 㪠⥫  ६饭   ᨢ,
  ⥫   믮 権 ᫮  ⠭
 㪠⥫ﬨ. ਬ, 

     int *intp;
     intp += sizeof(int);

        १,   ६饭 㪠⥫
intp      ᫥饬      ᨢ   楫    ᥫ.    
⢨⥫쭮,  intp 㤥 ᬥ饭    ᨢ. 
믮  権  ᫮    ⠭      㪠⥫ﬨ
    뢠  ࠧ ,    㪠뢠
㪠⥫,  ⮬ ,   ॡ ᤥ    ६饭
㪠⥫  ᫥饬  ᨢ,  :

     intp++

 ७ 
----------------------------

     室    ⥫      믮   権
ᢠ    楫᫥묨  ६묨,  騬  ࠧ
ࠧ:

     int i = OXFFFF;
     long l;
     l = i;
     if (l & 0X80000000) {
        ...                              /*   믮 */
     }

         ண  ࠢ  몠      맢    
㤭, ᫨   㤥 뢠  .   
᢮  ᢠ  祭  ࠧ ᪠ ⨯ (char,
int    ..).    ஥  楫  祭   ᢠ
६  襣 ࠧ,   ࠭  ⮩ ६
⥬ ࠧ  (襣)       ࠧ鸞
६.  ਬ,  祭  -2 (0xfffe) ⨯ int ⠭
祭 -2 (0xfffffffe) ⨯ long.

 祭
---------------------

     騩 ਬ ਢ  ⨢ ।饬:

     int i;
     long l = 0X10000;
     i = l;
     while (i > 0) {
        ...                           /*    믮 */
     }

      ᢠ  ६  i  祭   ६   l
ਢ    ⮬,    訥  16  ࠧ冷 ६ l 
祭,  ६ i ⠭ ࠢ .

譨 窨  ⮩
----------------------

     騩 ࠣ   ணࠬ        룫廊
 ଠ쭮:

     for (x = 0; x < 10; x++);
     {
        ...                        /* 믮 ⮫쪮  ࠧ */
     }

     祬 ,   騩      䨣묨   ᪮   㤥
믮 ⮫쪮  ࠧ?    ⥫쭮 ᬮ७
 㦨,     窥  ⮩,  ⮨ 
 ࠦ for.   㤭  㦥 訡 ਢ
  ⮬,    横  for  믮    ࠧ  -
⢨,  ⥬     ࠧ   믮   ᫥騩   ࠣ
ணࠬ.    祭  ⭠  訡,  ᪮   
㦨 묨 ᯮᮡ ஢ન ଠ஢    ᤢ
ࠣ⮢ ⥪ ணࠬ.

  묨 䥪⠬
-----------------------------

     訡, 饭    ਢ    ࠣ,   
  筮,  ⮡      ப 
ᯮ짮  ᢮ ணࠬ  ⨯ #define.

     #define toupper(c) 'a'<= (c)&&(c)<='z' ? (c)-'a'-'A' : (c)
     char c, *p;
     c = toupper(*p++);

      祭 p 騢    ࠧ  ᨬ
  ⮣,    ᨬ ᨬ 孥 ॣ.  訡
⠪ ⨯ 祭 ᫮ 㦨,  ᪮  䥪
⠭  । .

७  ⮬᪨ ६
-----------------------------------------

       訡,  ᫮ 㦨:

     myfunc()
     {
        int n;
        for (n = 5; n >= 0; n--)
        {
           int n = 10;
           ...
           if (n == 0)
           {
              ...
           }
        }
     }

       ⮬᪮ ६ n  ୮ ᯮ
 ७ , 뢠   ६ n, ᠭ 
譥 .   ७  ६  ७
 㦭 ᯮ짮  ᮡ ஦.  ⠪
訡 ⥫쭮 ,  祬      㬠,  ᪮
設⢮  ணࠬ⮢  ᯮ  ࠭祭    
६  稪    横  (ਬ,  i,  n  
..).

ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 ⮬᪨ ६
----------------------------------------------------

      㭪      뫠        㪠⥫
१ ᫥:

     int *divide_by_3(int n)

     {
        int i;
        i = n/3;
        return(&i);
     }

     訡 ⮨     ⮬,          㭪樨
祭 ⮬᪮ ६ ⠥   ⮢  
⭥ ᥣ ࠥ 㣨 묨  ⥪.

। 祭, 頥 㭪樥
----------------------------------------------

     ᫨ 㭪    稢   १ࢨ஢   ᫮
return,      ᫥ ஥ ࠦ,  㭪 㤥
 । 祭. ਬ,

     char *first_capital_letter(char *p)
     {
        while (*p)
        {
           if ('A' <= *p && *p <= 'Z')
               return(p);
           p++;
        }
                                   /* 㭪 祣  頥*/
     }

     ᫨    ப       㪢,  㭪  頥
᫥ 祭.   ⢥ ᫥ ப ⮩ 㭪樨
  ᠭ  return(0).

ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 १ࢨ஢ ᫮ break
---------------------------------------------------------

      break   ⢫   室   ⮫쪮      
 横 do, for, switch  while:

     for (...)
     {
        while (...)
        {
           if (...)
             break;                /*  ⨬   横 for */
        }
     }

       break  ⢫  室  ⮫쪮    横
while.         砥,    ࠢ
ᯮ짮  goto.

 ࠡ⠥ ࠢ쭮
------------------------

      ଠ쭮  㥬  ࠣ  室 ⥪
   १,  :

     a + b;

       뫠  ப a += b.


訡, ࠪ  ணࠬ஢  ᪠   -----------

      ண   ஫  ⨯      ஥
।  ⨪  訡  몠  ᪠,      訡,
ᯥ  ᠬ 몠.  ᪮ Turbo Pascal 
ணࠬ ⪫ 設⢮    ஢ப,    
ਢ   訡,   뫮   
  ஥  ⨪.        稨  
। ஫  訡,     -  
饭.

ᯮ짮 樠஢ ६
---------------------------------------------

     Turbo Pascal   樠஢ ६  ; 
    ᤥ  ᠬ⥫쭮        
ᢠ,            ⨯묨  ⠭⠬.
ᬮਬ ᫥ ணࠬ.

     program Test;
     var
       I,J,Count : Integer;
     begin
       for I := 1 to Count do begin
         J := I*I;
         Writeln(I:2, ' ',J:4);
       end;
     end.

     ᫥ ᠭ  ६   Count         ஥
砩   祭,  ஥    ⢥    
,  ⮬ ᮢ襭   ।,  ᪮쪮  ࠧ
㤥 믮  横.

     ஬ ⮣,  ६, ᠭ  楤  㭪権
ᮧ    室  ணࠬ    㭨⮦
  室   ;  ⮬  뢠  ,   
६  ࠭ ᢮ 祭   ணࠬ.

訡  ࠡ  㪠⥫ﬨ
-------------------------------

       ࠪ 訡,   ᪠  ࠡ
  㪠⥫ﬨ.  -,    㯮  ,    ᫥
ᯮ짮  㪠⥫ ०,  祬  㤥 ᢮ ஥
祭 (nil  - 㣮).   ,      㣨
६,  㪠⥫  樠 ⮬᪨ ᫥ 
ᠭ.   ࢮ    易⥫쭮    
 砫쭮 祭 (⥬ ।   ⢥ ࠬ
楤 New  ᢮  祭 nil).

     -,  ᫥   㪠⥫ nil,   
            ६    
ண  ⨯,         㪠뢠      뫮筠
६,  ᫨  祭 ᠬ 뫮筮 ६ ࠢ nil.
ਬ,  ⨬,           吝  ᯨ᮪
ᥩ,      ⨬           祭.
ணࠬ   ᪠        룫拉  ᫥騬
ࠧ:

     function FindNode(Head : NodePtr; Val : integer);
     var
       Temp : NodePtr;
     begin
       Temp := Head;
       while (Temp^.Key <> Val) and (Temp <> nil) do
         Temp := Temp^.Next;
       FindNode := Temp
     end.  { 㭪樨 FindNode }

     ᫨ 祭 Val  ࠢ 祭  Key   㧫
吝  ᯨ᪠,    ணࠬ  㤥     ᫨
祭 ६ Temp^.Key,  Temp ࠢ nil,  ਢ
 ।᪠㥬 १.   襭 ஡? ९襬
᫮ 横 while ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     while (Temp <> nil) and (Temp^.Key <> Val) do

      稬  ० ᮪饭 ᫥ 㫥᪨ ࠦ
  ४⨢ {$B-}  Turbo  Pascal    
Options /Compiler/Boolean .   १ ⮣,  ᫨ Temp ࠢ
nil, ன  ࠦ   㤥 .

      ,    ᫥ 㬠,   㪠⥫  㤥
᢮  祭  nil  १ ⮣,    । 
⢥ ࠬ  楤 Dispose    FreeMem.  ⥫
࠭ ᢮ ० 祭,    ,   
㪠뢠,  ᢮     㣨  ᪨
६묨.  ⮬  ᫥ 㤠    ,
  㪠뢠 뫮筠 ६,   易⥫쭮  
᢮ 祭 nil.

訡, 易   ⢨
-------------------------------------

      몥 ᪠ ᪠ ᯮ짮  㡮  
楤    㭪樨,  祬         ᢮
ᮡ⢥ ᠭ. ᬮਬ ᫥ ணࠬ.

     program Confused;
     var
       A,B : integer;

     procedure Swap(var A,B : integer);
     var
       T : integer;
     begin
       Writeln('2: A,B,T = ', A:3,B:3,' ',T);
       T := A;
       A := B;
       B := T;
       Writeln('3: A,B,T = ', A:3,B:3,' ',T);
     end;  { 楤 Swap }

     begin { ᭮ ⥫ ணࠬ Confused }
       A := 10; B := 20; T := 30;
       Writeln('1: A,B,T = ', A:3,B:3,' ',T);
       Swap(B,A);
       Writeln('4: A,B,T = ', A:3,B:3,' ',T);
     end. { ணࠬ Confused }

      㤥 뤠  ࠭   ணࠬ?    
ਢ .

     1: A,B,T =  10 20 30
     2: A,B,T =  20 10 22161
     3: A,B,T =  10 20 20
     4: A,B,T =  20 10 30

      ந諮 ⮬,       ᨨ   
६  A,  B    T.    ६  ᯮ  
᭮ ⥫ ணࠬ,    ६  㭪 Swap   ᢮
  ᨨ   ६:  ଠ ࠬ A  B 
  ६  T.  ⮡        ,  
믮塞  맮  Swap(B,A),    砥,    ଠ
ࠬ A  ⢨⥫쭮  쭮 ६  B 
.  ,  筮  ,     裡  쭮 
쭮 ६묨 T.

      ⮬ ਬ  訡  ⠪,  ஡ 
,    㤥 㬠,     
 ६,   ⮣  ந室. ਬ, 祭 ६
T    ᭮ ⥫ ணࠬ ⠥  ,   
뫮    㬠,      .    砩  
ᬠਢ  ⨢ 訡, 뢠 "묨
䥪⠬",  뫨 ᬮ७ ࠭.

     ᫨   ணࠬ ᤥ ਢ   ᠭ,  
 ਢ   襩 ⠭.

     type
       RecType = record
         A,B : integer;
       end;

     var
       A,B : integer;
       Rec : RecType;

      ।  with 饭  A  B    
饭ﬨ   ,    ६.

譨 窨  ⮩
----------------------

          ,   ᪠ ᪠ "⮩" ,
騩  ⮫쪮    窨   ⮩.  ⠢  ୮
,    맢    訡.  ᬮਬ  ᫥
ணࠬ.

     program Test;
     var
       I,J, : Integer;
     begin
       for I := 1 to 20 do;
       begin
         J := I * I;
         Writeln(I:2,' ',J:4);
       end;
       Writeln(' ᤥ!')
     end.

      ணࠬ    㤥  뤠    ࠭  ᯨ᮪ 
 楫 ᥫ   ⮢.  뤠 ⮫쪮

     20 400
      ᤥ!

      ந諮  ⮬,      for  I := 1 to 20 do;
稢 窮  ⮩.   砥,   20 ࠧ  㤥
믮   ⮩   .   ᫥  ⮣    믮
  begin..end,    ⥬  ன    Writeln.
⮡  ࠢ   訡,       ⮩
᫥ ᫮ do.

। 祭, 頥 㭪樥
----------------------------------------------

      ᠭ 㭪樨 室 ᫥  ⥬, ⮡ ।
室        䨪  뫮  ᮢ  ஥
祭. ᬮਬ ᫥騩 ࠣ ணࠬ.

     const
       NLMax = 100;
     type
       NumList = array[1..NLMax] of integer;
       ...
     function FindMax(List : NumList; Count : integer) : integer;
     var
       I,Max : integer;
     begin
       Max := List[1];
       for I := 2 to Count do
         if List[I] > Max then
         begin
           Max := List[I];
           FindMax := Max
         end
     end; { 㭪樨 FindMax }

     㭪 㤥   ࠡ   ४᭮         ,  
ᨬ  㤥 祭 List[1].    ⮬  砥  㭪樨
FindMax  㤥 ᢮  祭.  ࠢ ਠ
⮩ 㭪樨 㤥 룫拉 ⠪:

     begin
       Max := List[1];
       for I := 2 to Count do
         if List[I] > Max then
           Max := List[I];
           FindMax := Max
     end; { 㭪樨 FindMax }

襭 祭 ६ ⨯ byte  word
-----------------------------------------------

      ᫥  ᪠  ⥫쭮  饭  ᪠
 ६ (⨯ byte  word)  ஢થ     >=
0.  ਢ  ࠣ  ᪮ 横.

     var
       w : word;
     begin
       w := 5;
       while w >= 0 do
         w := w - 1;
     end.

     ᫥ ⮩ 樨 祭 ६ w ⠭ ࠢ
.   ᫥饬 室  祭 "㬥蠥"    65535
(᪮ 祭 ⨯ word     0  65535), 
த 㤮⢮ ᫮ >= 0.  ⠪  室
ᯮ짮 ६ ⨯ integer  longint.

஢ ࠭  ᮡ 砥
---------------------------------------

      ,         㭪樨  FindMax,
ਢ  ।饬 ࠧ, ।,  Count >= 1.
    祭 Count    ࠢ ,
    ᯨ᮪  㤥 .  ᫨  ⮬ 砥 맢 㭪
FindMax,    祭,  ஥  ࠭    List[1].
筮,  ᫨  Count  > NLMax,  맮 㭪樨  ਢ 
訡 ਮ 믮 (᫨ 祭 ०  ஫  ࠭),
    ᨬ쭮 祭 㤥 ந  祩
, 室  । ᨢ List.

       砥    襭 ஡. 
 ,  筮 , 砥  ⮬, ⮡   뢠
㭪 FindMax,  ᫨ Count  室     1..NLMax.
祬  ⭮  ⮫쪮   ਬ;    
ᯥ⮢  襣  ணࠬ஢   ⮨      ⮬,   ⮡
।    ணࠬ ᫮  맮  ஢
 ᫮   맮 ணࠬ.

     㣮 襭 ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ ஢ 祭 Count
    ஥  ।। 祭,  ᫨  
   1..NLMax.  ਬ,   뫮   ९
⥫ 㭪樨 FindMax ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     begin
       if (Count < 1) or (Count > NLMax) then
         Max := -32768
       else
       begin
         Max := List[1];
         for I := 2 to Count do
           if List[I] > Max then
           Max := List[I];
       end;
       FindMax := Max
     end; { 㭪樨 FindMax }

      㭪 맮 ᫥騩  訡 ணࠬ஢ 
᪠: 訡 室  ࠭ .

訡 室  ࠭ 
----------------------------------

      몥 Turbo Pascal  ।ᬮ७  ०  ஫  ࠭,
  㬮砭 몫祭.   ⮬ ନ 
   ,      ६   ਢ  
  鸞  訡,  ⠪    ᢠ ६
祭,   室饣       ⨬        
஢   ⮢ ᨢ,    
ਢ  ਬ.

      蠣  宦  訡  祭
०  ஫  ࠭     ४⨢  {$R+},
饭   ⥪  ணࠬ,  ஢  ணࠬ    
   .  ᫨      (  ।),  
室   訡,                 ४⨢
।⢥ । ⨬ ࠣ⮬ ணࠬ  ᮮ⢥
४⨢ {$R-} ᫥ ,  ⠪ ࠧ ஫ ࠭
⮫쪮      ࠣ.  ᫨  訡 室 
࠭ ,  ணࠬ 㤥 ⠭    㤥  뤠
ᮮ⢥饥  ᮮ饭  訡 ਮ 믮,   Turbo
Pascal  ,  ந諠 訡.

       ࠪ 訡,  易  室   ࠭
,  ந室    樨  ᨢ    横
while  repeat. ਬ, ।,   室 
  ᨢ,  ᮤঠ騩  ।  祭.   
⠭ ,   㤥  㦭      
㤥  ⨣  ᨢ.  ᫨  ,   ,
⮡ 㭪 㫠  ;    ⨢  砥,  㭪
    祭 0.   ࢠ ⪠ ᠭ ⠪
㭪樨   룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     function FindVal(List: NumList; Count,Val: integer) : integer;
     var
       I : integer;
     begin
       FindVal := 0;
       I := 1;
       while (I <= Count) and (List[I] <> Val) do
         Inc(I);
       if I <= Count then
         FindVal := I
     end; { 㭪樨 FindVal }

       祭 祭 ,   㭪   맢
訡  ਮ  믮,  ᫨  祭  Val   室 
। ᨢ List  ᯮ ० ଠ쭮 ᫥
㫥᪨   ࠦ.   祬?  ⮬      믮
᫥ ஢ઠ  設 横 while,  祭 I 㤥 ࠢ
Count+1.  ᫨  Count=NLMax,  ந 室  ࠭ ᨢ
List.

      ஡        襭.        
砥  ⮬, ⮡ ⬥ ஫ . , 
   訡, ᮡ ᫨ ᬠਢ 
䠪᪨   祭.  襥,     襭
⮨  ⮬,  ⮡   ᫥  ᪮  ࠦ
    Options|Compiler|Boolean,   
४⨢ {$B-}.  ࠧ, ᫨ I > Count,  ࠦ

     List[I] <> Val

  .

訡, ࠪ  ணࠬ஢  ᥬ   --------

      ᠭ        訡,     ࠪ     
ணࠬ஢      몥  ᥬ.    祭  
஡ ଠ樨   訡    ᯮᮡ    ࠭
᫥      㪮  짮⥫    Turbo
Assembler (Turbo Assembler User's Guide).

⢨    DOS
---------------------------------

      ᪠,     㣨 몠 砭 ࠡ ணࠬ 
    DOS  ந室  ⮬᪨,    稢
믮塞  ,    ᫨  ணࠬ  ᯥ樠쭮 
襭.   몥 ᥬ 믮 ⮫쪮    ⢨,
 筮   ணࠬ.  ᫨ ᪠ ணࠬ,  
ன     DOS,   믮 
㤥 த ᫥ ⨦  ணࠬ.  ਢ
 ⮬,  筥 믮 - 㣮 , 室騩 
ᥤ  .

⢨  RET
----------------------

     ࠢ 맮 ணࠬ    맮  
ணࠬ      㣮   ࠣ   ,  믮  ⮩
ணࠬ    맢訩 .   ⮣ ⮡ ந襫
    맢訩  ,       ணࠬ 
  RET. ᫨   뫠 ய饭  ᠭ
ணࠬ,  믮  訡.

ନ஢  ࠢ쭮 ⨯
----------------------------------------

     ४⨢ PROC  믮    ⢨.   -,   
। ,  ஬ 㤥 뢠  楤.
-,    ⨯ 楤:   (far)   
(near).    RET  楤  ᮮ⢥⢮
⨯ 楤,  ࠢ ?

          .  ஡ ⮨  ⮬,     
⥫쭮   㯯஢   ⤥   ணࠬ      
楤;   ᪮  ணࠬ   ᮮ⢥饩
४⨢  PROC,      RET   ᮮ⢥   ⨯   饩
楤,      易⥫쭮  ᮮ⢥  ⨯  
⤥쭮 ணࠬ.

ࠢ쭠 ⠭ ࠭
----------------------------------

     冷 ᫥ ࠭   몠 ᥬ 
ய  8086  設    ॢ (
室  ⮣,     ࠢ ). ᫨ ப

     mov ax,bx

     砥 "᫠ AX  BX",      ப  㤥  筮
믮   ᫥   ࠢ,      ⠪  ࠧ  
ந⥫ ய஢  ࠧࠡ뢠  모  ᥬ.
  ଠ Intel  ࠧࠡ⪥ 몠 ᥬ  
8086 ।章 㣮 室,          ப  砥
"᫠  BX    AX",          맢
⠭.

⢨ ⥪  १ࢨ஢ ᫨誮 쪮 ⥪
------------------------------------------------------------

      設⢥ 砥,  ᫨  筮 뤥  
⥪,   ᪮짨  ⮭  .  ணࠬ,      
뤥    ⥪,    ࠡ,    
㢥७  ⮬,       ࠡ      ᫮.
設⢮  ணࠬ      ४⨢  .STACK,  
१ࢨ   ⥪,    ணࠬ  ४⨢
  १ࢨ஢    ,  祬  ॡ   ᠬ
㡮  ⥪,        ॡ      ࠡ
ணࠬ.

맮 ணࠬ,  㭨⮦ ᮤন 㦭 ॣ஢
------------------------------------------------------------------

      ᠭ ணࠬ    ᥬ    ।⠢
ᥡ  ॣ      ६,    ⢥ 
ᯮ짮 楤,     ࠡ⠥   .
 ⭮,  ணࠬ  ,   맮 㣨
楤 ᮤন ॣ஢  ⠥    .    
ᮢᥬ    ⠪  -  ॣ  묨 ६묨,  
 楤   ࠭,  㭨⮦ ᮤন
   ॣ஢.


ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 ᫮ 室
---------------------------------------------

        ᫮  室    몥 ᥬ (JE,
JNE,  JC, JNC, JA, JB, JG  ..) ᯥ稢   
ᠭ   ணࠬ             ६    ਢ  
ᯮ짮  ⮩  ,    ॡ    ⭮
砥.  ஬  ⮣,  ᪮    ࠡ⪨  ᫮  몥
ᥬ ॡ    ப (  ࠢ 
    ᫮  室),    ࠡ⪨ ᫮ ᫮
⥫쭮  ,  ࠡ⪠  ᫮      ᥬ   
⨢   থ 訡, 祬  ᪠  .

訡  ७  ࠡ⪨ ப
--------------------------------------------

      ࠡ⪨ ப        ᮡ:
᫥    믮 ᯮ㥬  㪠⥫ ᤢ ⠪
ࠧ,   㪠뢠  ,  ⫨騩  1  (  2
,  ᫨ ᫨   ࠢ  ᫮)  ᫥
ࠡ⠭ .   ਢ  ன ⠭ 
७  ࠡ⪨ ப, ᮡ  REP SCAS  REP
CMPS.

ࠢ   㫥 祭 CX
------------------------------------------

     ୮ 믮        ࠡ⪨  ப  
ࠢ⢥  ॣ CX    १.  
 㤮  ⮬ ᫥,    室 ஢  
 ।  믮  ࠡ⪨ ப.  㣮
஭,         ᥣ 
 ⮢  ࠡ⪨ ப.

ࠢ쭠 ⠭ 䫠 ࠢ
----------------------------------------

      믮    ࠡ⪨  ப  易    
㪠⥫  (SI,  DI      )      ⥫쭮   
⥫쭮   饭.          ﭨ  䫠
ࠢ.     CLD 䫠 ࠢ    
襭  0;   ⮬ 砥  믮  ࠡ⪨ ப
㪠⥫ 砥 ⥫쭮 饭 (ᬥ頥   ஭
   ᮢ).         STD  䫠  ࠢ
⠭    1;      ⮬   砥   㪠⥫   砥
⥫쭮  饭 (ᤢ  ஭  ᮢ).
᫥ ⮣,   䫠 ࠢ  ⠭    ।
ﭨ,    㤥 ⠢     ,    㤥
믮    CLD  STD,    祭 䫠
    祭  ⥪    POPF  IRET.  
  ஭,  㤮      ⠭   䫠
ࠢ    ।  ﭨ ⮫쪮  ࠧ,   ⥬
믮   ,      ᯮ짮  
ࠢ.    㣮  ஭,    ਢ  
⮩稢  㤭㦨 訡,   १ 
  ࠡ⪨  ப  ࠡ  -ࠧ   ᨬ 
ࠡ ,  뫨 믮 ⥫쭮 ࠭.

訡  ७  ࠢ ப
--------------------------------------------

      CMPS  ࠢ ᮤন  ⥩ ,  
 SCAS  ࠢ  ᮤন  饣  ॣ  
ᮤন  .  ।     ⮨
䨪 REPE,  믮 ࠢ,   CX  ⠭
ࠢ  ,      㦨,   ࠭  ࠢ.
  ।    ⮨  䨪   REPNE,      믮
ࠢ,    CX  ⠭ ࠢ ,    
㦨  ࠭ ࠢ.   ,    ९,
  䨪 㦭 ᯮ짮.

訡  祭 ᥣ ப
------------------------------------

      ப    㬮砭  ᯮ    ⢥
ᥣ 室  (᫨  ) ᥣ DS,    ⢥
ᥣ १  (᫨  ) ᥣ  ES.  
  ⮬  ,  ᪠, 믮  STOSB 
ᥣ⮬  ,  ᪮    ,   ࠡ뢠   
ப묨 , 筮 室   ⮬ ᥣ.

ࠢ쭮 ८ࠧ    ᫮
--------------------------------------------

      饬  砥,      ࠡ⪨  ப   ⥫쭮
ᯮ짮 ᨬ쭮  ࠧ  (筮 ᫮, 
   80386  -    ᫮),  ᪮    묨
襣 ࠧ   筮 ࠡ ॥.

         誨.  -, ८ࠧ
 ⢠ ⮢  ⢮ ᫮    ⮩ 

     shr cx,l

     ਢ   ,  ᫨ CX   ⭮  祭,
᪮ 訩 騩  㤥 ᤢ  । ᫮.

     -, ᫥ ,   SHR  ⢮
⮢  . ᯮ짮, ᪠,  STOSW  ⢮
⮢,   ᫮,  㭨⮦ 㣨   맢 ᠬ
ࠧࠧ 訡.

ᯮ짮 ᪮쪨 䨪ᮢ
----------------------------------

      ࠡ⪨  ப    ᪮쪨 䨪ᠬ ࠡ
,   ᫥   .

易⥫ ࠭   ࠡ⪨ ப
--------------------------------------------------

     易⥫ ࠭           ࠡ⪨   ப
ᯮ  ⮫쪮      ࠧ      
ᥣ      ࠭  䠪᪨    
.

⮦ ᮤন ॣ  㬭
----------------------------------------------

      (8  8 ⮢, 16  16 ⮢,  32  32 )
ᥣ 㭨⮦ ᮤন        ॣ,  
饣   騬  ॣ஬,    ᯮ  
⢥ 室 ࠭.

訡, 易   ᮤন 
ॣ஢  ࠡ⪨ ப
----------------------------------------------------

      ࠡ⪨ ப,  ⠪  MOVS, STOS, LODS, CMPS 
SCAS,        ﭨ  䫠  ᮤন
  ॣ஢     믮   ⢥   .   
ᯮ짮      ࠡ⪨  ப  ᫥  ,  
ᮤন    ॣ஢  SI    DI  (    ࠧ)
砥    ⥫쭮      ⥫쭮   饭   (
ᨬ  ﭨ 䫠 ࠢ)   믮
  ࠡ⪨  ப.  ন ॣ CX ⠪ 砥
⥫쭮  饭        ࠧ  ,  ,
㬥蠥        ᯮ짮  ࠡ⪨
ப  䨪ᮬ REP.

ࠢ쭮 ।  ⮬,  
  ﭨ 䫠 ७
-----------------------------------------------

       ६           ணࠬ
  ﭨ ॣ஢  䫠,  㣨   
   䫠,  ﭨ  뫮  ⥫쭮 .

誮 ⥫쭮  ᯮ짮 䫠
------------------------------------------------

     ﭨ 䫠  ࠭      ,     㤥
믮 ᫥ ,     ,    筮
ந室   筮   .   ⮬  ४  ᫥
⠭ 䫠 믮 ⢨       ॥,
⮡   ᠬ ࠧࠧ 訡,  易  ୮
⠭ 䫠.

襭 ࠭    ஬ ࠭
-----------------------------------------------------

     ணࠬ    몥  ᥬ        
ᬥ饭  ,   ன ࠭ ६,    
祭 ⮩ ६.   ᮦ,  몥 ᥬ  
⨢,   ண ᯮᮡ,   ࠧ  
   饭,       १  ணࠬ    
饭  ᬥ饭  饭  祭.

訡, 易  ⮬  砫 ᥣ
-----------------------------------------------

         ᠬ  ᫮  ⮢    ணࠬ஢  
ய  8086  ⮨    ⮬,          
       讬 ᨢ ⮢.   ⮣
    (ᥣ) ࠧ஬ 64 ,   
 ⢫ १ ᥣ ॣ.   
  맢  㤭㦨   訡,   ᪮   ᫨
ணࠬ  ⠥      ,   室 
࠭栬 ᥣ,   ⢨⥫쭮   ⮣  ந室
  砫 ⮣  ᥣ.

࠭ ᮤন ॣ஢  ࠡ⪥ 뢠
---------------------------------------------------------

      ࠡ稪 뢠    易⥫쭮  ࠭
ᮤন      ॣ஢.        ᪠  ࠭
ᮤন  ⮫쪮    ॣ஢,  ஥     
ࠡ稪   뢠,         ࠡ      
४  ᮤন  ॣ஢  ⥪  室
 ࠡ稪 뢠     ⥪  室.

訡, 易  ஢ 㯯  ⠡
࠭  
---------------------------------------------------

     ᯮ짮 ᥣ    㯯      ணࠬ
᪨ ࠧ   ᪮쪮  ⥩,  ᪫  
⮬ 室 㦠 ᥣ ॣ  ࠧ, 
室 ३    ⠪ ᪨ ⥩  
㣮.

      ᮦ,   ᯮᮡ,  ᯮ  ࠡ⪨
ᥣ 㯯  몥 Macro Assembler   Microsoft (MASM),
  맢  ஡,       Turbo
Assembler,  ᥣ  㯯  ⠢﫨  ணࠬ⠬   
⥩.       ⭮⥩ ࠪ᪨ 
뫮  ,  ᥣ   㯯   뫨   㦭      裡
ᥬ୮   몠 ᮪ ஢, ⠪  .

      ० Quirks 몠 MASM Turbo Assembler 㫨 MASM, 
 砥,    ⮬ ०     ஡,    
MASM. ᫨   ᮡ ᯮ짮 ० Quirks 몠 MASM,
  祣    ,   ᫨   
ࠡ  ⨬ ०,  ᫥   ⥫쭮
ଠ樥  㪮 짮⥫    Turbo Assembler.

஢ઠ ணࠬ  筮
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ஢ઠ ࠡᯮᮡ ணࠬ  ⮢묨 室묨
묨          ஢.     ᫥
ࠧ   ᬮ७      ᯮᮡ  ஢,
 室 ࣭  ணࠬ    ணࠬ,
० 祬  뫮   㢥७ ᪠,   ࠡ⠥
.

஢ઠ ࠭ ᫮   ------------------------------------

      ⮣ ⮡ 㡥  ⮬,   ணࠬ  ଠ쭮
ࠡ⠥    ஬    祭 室 ,  
஢   ࠡᯮᮡ    祭ﬨ  室  ,
  ࠭ ⨬ . ਬ, ᫨ 
ணࠬ,   ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ ᯨ᮪   1 
20 ⮢,  ᫥ 㡥  ࠢ쭮  ࠡ  
   ᯨ᪥,  ⠪   .   ஢ઠ 
     訡 ⨯ "⮫  த" (  
   ), ᠭ .

訡 室    --------------------------------------

     ᫥ ⮣     㡥,    ணࠬ  ࠢ쭮
ࠡ⠥   ᥬ  ⨬ 室 ,   
஢    ࠡᯮᮡ          .
室   㡥      ⮬,      室  
⢥࣠ ணࠬ,   ᫨  祭   ⫨  
⮢ .  ਬ,  । ணࠬ,  
ਭ 祭  1  20,   ⢥࣠ 祭 0  
21.

 室    -----------------------------------------

      砩        ணࠬ⠬    
஢,  ⠪   ࠧࠡ⪥ ணࠬ.  ᫨    ணࠬ
।ᬮ७  ࠧ㬭      ⢨  室
 (  ࠡ  㬮砭),   ⢥  砥
 ᯮ짮.

⫠  ⠤ ࠧࠡ⪨ ணࠬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

       ⮫쪮 稭 ࠧࠡ뢠 ணࠬ,  
஢ ⠤ ⫠.  筮  ࠧࠡ⪨ ணࠬ
砥 ⠪ ⠤,   ன ࠧ    ஢,
   ⨬묨 室     ਥ묨
室 .

     ᫨  믮 讥 ⢮  ஢ப,    ᬮ
  祭  ணࠬ,   㤥 ᮮ  
  訡    த  ࠡ  ᫥  믮
ன  ࠧ㬭 ࠡ  ⠭.   ⮬  
⮫  㢥祭  ࠧ  ணࠬ      
ࠡ.  ணࠬ 祭  ⫠, ᪮ ᠬ 
ணࠬ ନ     室  ,  ०
祬  맮 訡  ࠡ ணࠬ.

      ⠪   ࠧࠡ  ணࠬ,  ணࠬ  ன
 믮 ஢ ⮢୮ 室   室 
  讬  ꥬ  ᮢᥬ  믮 .   ணࠬ
㤥  ⭠  㤥 ࠡ ॥,    
室      訡  ਢ  쥧
ᡮ.   ணࠬ    㤭묨   ⫠,
᪮  訡   ⥫쭮  
.  ⠪  뢠 祭 ᫮  , 
ன ந諠 訡.

      設⢥  ணࠬ  ᯮ  ⠭    
室.  ࠢ, ணࠬ  ⥫쭮 ⭮
   室   ,   砥     譨  筨  (
짮⥫   ᪮ 䠩),  祬  , ।
  ணࠬ  .

 ਬ ᥠ ⫠
 ----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬  ਬ  ⫠  ᯮ     ᯮᮡ,
  뫨  ᬮ७  । ࠧ.  ணࠬ,
      㤥   ⫠   ।⠢   ᮡ   
樮 ணࠬ, ᬮ७   3 (TCDEMO.C 
TPDEMO.PAS)  ⮩    ࠧ楩,      ᮤন  ᪮쪮
諥 ⠢ 訡.

       ⮬,   ⥪饩 ४ਨ   䠩,
室   믮  樮  ⫠.  ᫨  
ᮡࠥ  ⫠  ணࠬ    몥  Turbo Pascal,  
ॡ   䠩   TPDEMOB.PAS      TPDEMOB.EXE.   ᫨    
ணࠬ      ,       䠩  TCDEMOB.C  
CDEMOB.EXE (㪢 "B"   ணࠬ 碠  "buggy",  ..
" 訡".

 ⫠ -ணࠬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬ ࠧ  ⢥ ਬ ᯮ  ணࠬ 
몥  Turbo C.  ᫨  ணࠬ  ᪠,   
ࠧ ,  ஬ ᠭ ᥠ ⫠ ணࠬ  몥 Turbo
Pascal.

 訡    -------------------------------------------------

     ० 祬   稭   ᥠ   ⫠,     ⨬
樠 ணࠬ,  ᮤঠ 訡,  㡥  ⮬,
    ࠡ⠥  ࠢ쭮.  ⮡    ணࠬ,
  :

     TCDEMOB

     ணࠬ        ப   ⥪.   
᫥騥  ப:

     one two three
     four five six

       稢 ᫥  ⮩  ப.  ᫥
⮣  ணࠬ TCDEMOB ᯥ⠥  ࠭ १ 
 ⥪:

     Arguments:
     Enter a line (empty line to end): one two three
     ( ப ( ப  砭): )
     Enter a line (empty line to end): four five six
     Enter a line (empty line to end):
     Total number of letters = 7
     (饥 ⢮ 㪢)
     Total number of lines = 6
     (饥 ⢮ ப)
     Total word count = 2
     (饥 ⢮ ᫮)
     Average number of words per line = 0.3333333
     (। ⢮ ᫮  ப)
     'E' occurs 1 times, 0 times at start of a word
     ('E' ⨫ 1 ࠧ, 0 ࠧ  砫 ᫮)
     'F' occurs 1 times, 1 times at start of a word
     'N' occurs 1 times, 0 times at start of a word
     'O' occurs 2 times, 1 times at start of a word
     'R' occurs 1 times, 0 times at start of a word
     'U' occurs 1 times, 0 times at start of a word
     There is 1 word 3 characters long
     ( 1 ᫮    ᨬ)
     There is 1 word 4 characters long

        ୮ 饥 ⢮ 㪢, ப 
᫮.  ஬  ⮣,  ⠡    㯮ॡ 㪢  ᫮,
,   ᭮    饬 ⢥
㪢   ᫮.     ᠬ ⨯ 権 - ࠢ쭠
ࠡ ணࠬ  ࠧ  ᪮쪨 .  
砥  ࠭ ⠤ ⫠ ணࠬ.

ࠡ⪠  ⢨   -------------------------------------

     ० ᥣ       ,    訡  ⠪
ࢮ.    ᯮ짮  ஢७ ࠢ,
஥   ,     稭      ⮩  訡,  
।⥫쭮   ࢮ.      ணࠬ  
   ப   﫠       ᫮,  ⥬    뫠
஠஢  ᫥  ⮣,    뫨      ப,
ணࠬ  뢥   ࠭ ⠡.  ᪮ ⢮ 㪢 
⢮ ᫮ 㪠 ୮,   訩 ਧ  ⮣,  
訡 ந諠  砫쭮 ⠤ ࠧ  .

     , ᫥   ⮣,          ࠧ﫨  
஡  ࠧࠡ⠫ ਬ   ⢨,    稭
⫠  ணࠬ.        ⮨   ⮬,  ⮡
஢ ணࠬ makeintwords   ᬮ,  ࠢ쭮  
  ࠧ  ப    ᫮   㫥 砭,   ⥬
ᬮ,  ࠢ쭮    ணࠬ  analyzewords  
⢮ ᫮  㥬 ப.

 ⫠稪 Turbo Debugger   -------------------------------

      ⮣   ⮡      ᥠ  ⫠  樮
ணࠬ  ,   :

     TD TCDEMOB

     Turbo Debugger    㧨    樮    ணࠬ,
ᮤঠ  訡,    ⮡ࠧ  ᢮  室 ࠭.  ᫨ 
  祡 ᥠ      DOS,    
ᤥ    ,   Alt-X. ᫨  -
 ᯮ,   ᬮ       १㧨
樮  ணࠬ     ᭠砫,   
Ctrl-F2.  (⨬,    ⮬  㤠 窨  ⠭  
ࠦ, ᥭ   ᫥.)

     ᪮, ࢮ,      ⥫ ᤥ,   ஢,
ࠢ쭮    ࠡ⠥   ணࠬ   makeintwords,   믮
ணࠬ    ⮩ ணࠬ  ஢ਬ  ࠡ.   
ᤥ  ᯮᮡ:  믮 ணࠬ  makeintwords  
蠣  ०,  ஫   ⮬ ࠢ쭮  ࠡ,
  ⠭  ணࠬ  ᫥  ⮣,     㤥   믮
ணࠬ  makeintwords   ஢,  ᪮쪮 ࠢ쭮 
ࠡ⠫.

     ᪮ ணࠬ    makeintwords    믮     ᭮
।  ,     ।,  ࠢ쭮  
ࠡ⠥,  ஢ਢ ᮤন  室 . ⮬
  롥६  ன ᯮᮡ.  ६ 뤥騩  
ப 42    F4, ⮡ 믮 ணࠬ  ⮩
ப.    ࠭  뢮 ணࠬ,      
:

     one two three

 ⥬   Enter.

஢ઠ 祭 ६   ----------------------------------

      ணࠬ ⠭  ப,   ᫥  
맮  ணࠬ  makeintwords.   ஢ਬ ᮤন
ᨢ buffer,   㡥  ⮬,      ᮤন  ࠢ
祭.  ६    ப ,  
 ᫮ buffer    Alt-F10 I  (  Inspector),
⮡   ஢ન  ᬮ   ᮤন ᨢ
buffer.    ᬮ      ⮢  ᨢ  ᯮ
 ६饭 .   ,  makeintwords
⢨⥫쭮 頥  㫥 ᨬ (())     
㦥 ᫮.   砥,   ⥯ ᫥ 믮
  让 ࠣ ணࠬ    㡥    ⮬,  
ணࠬ  analyzewords  ࠡ⠥  ࠢ쭮.  砫 㤠
 ஢ન,    Esc.  ⥬    
F7,    ⮡   믮   ணࠬ      砫   ணࠬ
analyzewords.

窨 ⠭   ------------------------------------------------

       ⮬,   analyzewords 뫠 맢  ࠢ
㪠⥫  ,     ᫮ bufp   
Alt-F10 I.  㢨,  bufp ⢨⥫쭮 㪠뢠  ப
 㫥 砭 'one'.    ஢ન,  
Esc. ᪮  ।,  訡   
⢠  ᨬ   ᫮,   ⠭  ⠭ 
 ,  ந  ᨬ  ᫮.

     1. ६   ப 93        F2,
⮡ ⠭  ⠭.

     2. ६      ப  97  ⠭  
 ⠭.

     3.  ,  ⠭  ⠭  ப  99,  ⠪
⮡    ᬮ  ஢,    ⢮  ᨬ  㤥
  㭪.

     ⠭ ᪮쪨  祪   ⠭      ⨯
ਥ,   ।, 믮  ணࠬ 
ࠢ쭮  ᫥⥫쭮,    ஢   祭   
⮢       ⠭ ࠡ ணࠬ  窥
⠭.

 ᫥   -------------------------------------------------

      ணࠬ,      F9.    ணࠬ
⠭,    㤥  ⨣  窠  ⠭   ப
93.  ⨬ ᬮ  祭  ६  charcount.
᪮  ⥫쭮  ஢    祭  ࠧ,  
㤥 ⨣ 窠  ⠭,      砩,  ⮡
ᯮ짮   Watch   ६   ᫥.
   ᫮ charcount     Alt-F10  W.
      ᫥,  ᯮ     ࠭,
⮡ࠦ ⥪饥 祭  ६,  ࠢ  0.  
⮣   ⮡   㡥,    ⢮  ᨬ  
ࠢ쭮,  믮  ப 室 ⥪,   
F7.      ᫥  ,    ⥯  祭  charcount
⢨⥫쭮 ࠢ 1.

  Evaluate/Modify   ----------------------------------

        ணࠬ,      F9.     
頥    ப  93,      ᨬ.  
 F9   ࠧ,  ⮡  ᫥ 㪢  ᫮  
㫥  砭.   charcount ࠢ쭮 ᮤন 祭
3,   ᨢ wordcounts ⮢ ,  ⮡  ᫮.
   ४᭮.    F9,  ⮡  ࠡ
᫥饣 ᫮  . ! -  ⠪.

      ,   ணࠬ ᭮ ⠭    ப  93
, ⮣  ந諮.  믮  , 
믮   㭪樨.  ப 99   ⮫쪮 
⮬  砥,  ᫨  ᫮,  ஢塞  横 while,  
稭  ப 83,   믮.   ࠦ
*bufp !=0   .

     ⮡ ஢   ,  ୨  ⭮    ப  83  
  ࠦ *bufp !=0,  ⨢     
ᨬ,      Ins  ६⨢    ᫥
ᨬ.   ᫨ 祭 ⮣ ࠦ,   
  Data|Evaluate  Modify    Enter,  ⮡ ⢥न
祭 ࠦ.   祭 ⢨⥫쭮 ࠢ 0. 
  Esc, ⮡    .

ਪ!   -------------------------------------------------------

      諮 ६ ࠢ 訡.  稭,   ன
bufp 㪠뢠  0,  砥    ⮬,    ७  横
while,  稭騩    ப  86,  ⠢  㪠⥫ 
  ᫮.  ⮡  ३    ᫥饬  ᫮,   室
  祭  bufp  ᫥ ⮣,    㤥 㪠뢠 
㫥 砭 ।饣  ᫮.  ⮡    ᤥ,  
⠢  । ப 96  bufp++.   ⮣  뫮
 ४஢ ணࠬ    ⠢  ⨬  ஬,
 Turbo Debugger  ⠢  ணࠬ ࠦ 
 ᯥ樠 祪 ⠭.

      ⮣ ᭠砫  १㧨  ணࠬ,    
CtrlF2,  ⮡  ᯥਬ  .   㤠  窨
⠭,  ⠭   ।饬 ᥠ,   
Alt-B  D.  ३   ப 97  ᭮ ⠭   
⠭,     F2.    ⨥    Alt-V  B
ன    祪 ⠭.  ।   ⠭
⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡    室 믮﫮 ࠦ
bufp++.


     1. 롥 View|Breakpoints.

     2. ன 쭮   Breakpoints,  Alt-F10.

     3. 롥   Set|Options            
Breakpoint Options.

     4. ⠭ ᥫ⨢     Execute.

     5.  Tab  室   Action Expression.

     6.  ࠦ bufp++.

     7.   Esc       Alt-F3 
   Module.

       ணࠬ,    F9.    
 ப:

     one two three
     four five six

      ⢥  ⨩     Enter,      襭
ࠡ ணࠬ  Alt-F5, ⮡ ᬮ 뢮 ணࠬ
 ࠭ 짮⥫.

      ,   ணࠬ ⠫ ࠡ ⥫쭮
.  饥  ⢮ ᫮  ப ⠫ ࠢ,  
⠡  뢠  ୮.  ⠭  ணࠬ    砫
㭪樨  printstatistics    ஢,  ࠢ    室
  砥  뢮   ࠭.  砫  १㧨
ணࠬ  ⨥   Ctrl-F2,  ⮡    室
ﭨ.  ⥬ ३  ப 104       F4,
⮡  믮  ணࠬ    ⮩  窨.    
㬥 nlines    Alt-F10 I, ⮡ ஢ 
祭.  ࠢ 6,    ࠢ 2.

      ୨  ⮬ ,   ந室 맮 㭪樨
 main  ᭮ ஢ 祭 nlines.  ६   
ப 36,    ᫮ nlines    Alt-F10
I,  ⮡ ஢ 祭.   祭 nlines ࠢ 2, 
  ࠢ.  ᫨       ப 46,  
,   㬥  nwords    nlines  﫨  ⠬.
    ,   ᮡࠫ ᯮ짮 
㬥  㣮 ᫥⥫쭮.

     ᫨   ࠢ   訡,  ணࠬ 㤥 ࠡ
ࠢ쭮.   TCDEMO.EXE  ᮤন  ࠢ    ⮩
ணࠬ, , ᫨ ,    .

 ⫠ ᪠-ணࠬ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ⠢       饭  ᠭ  ᥠ
⫠ 樮 ணࠬ  몥 Turbo Pascal. ᫨ 
ணࠬ    ,      뫨  ᬮ ।騥
ࠧ,    ᠭ ᥠ ⫠ ணࠬ  몥 Turbo
C.

 訡   --------------------------------------------------

     ० 祬   稭   ᥠ   ⫠,     ⨬
樮   ᪠-ணࠬ,   ᮤঠ   訡,    
ᬮਬ,    祬    ࠡ  ࠢ쭠.    ணࠬ  㦥
᪮஢  室       ਡ⨢  ᪥.

      ⮣ ⮡  ணࠬ,         
㬥  ப:

     TPDEMOB first second third

     ணࠬ         ᪮쪮  ப  ⥪.
  ப,    筮 ᮢ   ਢ묨
:

     ABC DEF GHI
     abc def ghi

     ᫥  ப 蠥  .  ᫥  ⮣
ணࠬ   TPDEMOB  ᯥ⠥    ࠭  १  
 :

     9 letter(s) in 3 word(s) in 2 lines
     (9 㪢  3 ᫮  2 ப)
     Average of 0.67 words per line
     ( । 0.67 ᫮  ப)
     Word length:  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10
     ( ᫮)
     Frequency:    0  0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
     ()

     Letter:       M
     (㪢)
     Frequency:    1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   0   0   0   0
     ()
     Word starts:  1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0
     ( 砫 ᫮)

     Letter        Z
     Frequency:    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
     Word starts:  0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

     Program name: C:\td\tpdemob.ex?
     ( ணࠬ)
     Command line parameters: firs? secon? third
     (ࠬ  ப)

     ஠஢ १  ࠡ ணࠬ,   
 ᠬ⥫ 訡:

     1. ࠢ쭮 ⠭ ⢮ ᫮ (3  6);

     2. ࠢ쭮 ᫥ । ⢮  ᫮    ப
(0.67  3);

     3.    ன  쥩 ⠡ 㪠 ⮫쪮 
㪢 ( A..M  N..Z);

     4.    ப,     ᮤন 㪢 
A  I,   ⠡  㯮ॡ 㪢   
 㪠 筮 祭.

     5. ᫥ ᨬ  ࠬ஢    ப
뫨        ⮡ࠦ 砩 ᨬ (
᫥ ࠬ ⮡ࠦ ࠢ쭮).

ࠡ⪠  ⢨   -------------------------------------

     ० ᥣ      ,    訡   ⠪
ࢮ.    ᯮ짮  ஢७ ࠢ,
஥  ,    稭      ⮩   訡,   
।⥫쭮      ࢮ.    ⮩  ணࠬ  ᫥
樠樨    楤 Init ,  
,  뢠 㭪樥 GetLine,  ⥬ ࠡ뢠
楤ன  ProcessLine,    짮⥫       
ப. 楤 ProcessLine ஢   ப 
 祭  稪.  ⥬ १ 
⮡ࠦ    ࠭  楤ன  ShowResults.   ,  
 ᨬ ணࠬ 楤 ParamsOnHeap ᮧ
 ᪮  吝 ᯨ᮪ ࠬ஢  ப,
 ⥬ ࠧ     ⠥ ᯨ᮪  ࠬ஢ 
 ணࠬ.

     । ⢮  ᫮    ப    楤ன
ShowResults    ᭮  ⢠  ப    ⢠   ᫮.
᪮ ⢮ ᫮ -  ࠢ쭮, 
,  ०   ᥣ   ஢   楤   ProcessLine   
ᬮ,      祭 ६ NumWords.  
᫨  ୮ 祭 NumWords,  । ⢮ ᫮ 
ப, ࠢ 0.67,  ᮢ襭 ᫥. ,
訡   饭      ᫥,    믮塞    楤ன
ShowResults,  ⠪ 㦨 襣 .

         ⠡           楤
ShowResults.  ० 祬  㦨      
訡,      ,     ᭮ 横.
᪮ ⢮ 㪢   ᫮    ࠢ쭮,  
訩      ⮣,    -      浪    楤
ProcessLine,   ⠬ ᫥   ࢮ  ⢥⮩
訡.

      ,  ᫥  ⮣,     ⥫쭮 ᫥ 
ணࠬ,    ந  ⢠ ᫮  㪢,
஢   楤   ParmsOnHeap,   ⮡      ࠢ
᫥ () 訡.

     , ᫥  ⮣           ࠧ᫨   
騬  ஡  ⠢ ਬ  ⢨, 
稭 ।⢥ ⫠.

 ⫠稪 Turbo Debugger   -------------------------------

      ⮣  ⮡     ᥠ   ⫠   樮
ணࠬ, 㧨 ⫠稪     ࠬ 
ப,   ࠭:

     TD TPDEMOB first second third

     Turbo Debugger    㧨    樮    ணࠬ,
ᮤঠ 訡,   ⮡ࠧ ᢮ 室 ࠭,    ..
᫨    祡 ᥠ      DOS,  
 ᤥ    ,    Alt-X.  ᫨ 
-    ᯮ,    ᬮ        
१㧨  樮  ணࠬ     ᭠砫,
  CtrlF2.  (⨬,    ⮬  㤠 窨
⠭  ࠦ, ᥭ   ᫥.)

         室    ⫠  ணࠬ,  
ProcessLine:   믮   蠣  ०,  ப  
ப,  ᫥    ࠢ쭮  ࠡ,    ⠭
ணࠬ ࠧ ᫥ 砭 믮  楤 ProcessLine
  ஢ १  ࠡ.  ᪮  ⢮ 㪢 
⢮ ᫮   ࠢ쭮,  ᪮॥  ᥣ  ᫥
      楤   ProcessLine     ஢,  
ந室 ࠡ⪠ ᨬ.

  ணࠬ   ----------------------------------------

     ⠪,  訫  ணࠬ  ᫥  蠣
०   믮   楤   ProcessLine.     ⮣  
ᯮ짮   ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ.     ࠧ
   F8 (⮡ 믮 맮 楤  㭪権, 
室  ),   ⥬  ࠧ   F7 (⮡  
楤  ProcessLine     蠣 믮).  
⠪ ६   ப 231,   F4 (
Go to Cursor),   ⥬   F7, ⮡  蠣
믮 楤 ProcessLine.

         ,    ᯨ᮪   த,
    ⠩  ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮      :
  Alt-F9     ࠭      ,  
஥       ,   ஬ ॡ ३.
  ᫮  processline      Enter.  ணࠬ  㤥
믮    ,   ࠢ  ३  楤
ProcessLine.     ,   ࠭,  ணࠬ
ᨫ  ப (  ABC DEF GHI).

      ⮩  ணࠬ  ᪮쪮 横.  譨 横
஢  ப.   ⮣ 横   横,  
㦨  ய᪠ ᨬ,     㪢,  
  横,    ஬  ந  ࠡ⪠  ᫮     㪢.
६   ப 133,  ன 稭 横 while,
   F4 ( Go to Cursor).

      ⮬ 横 ந ஢ઠ      
,      㤥 ⨣  ப   㤥 
㪢.  ᫥  ᫮  ஢  ⥬  맮  㫥᪮
㭪樨  IsLetter.     F7,  ⮡   ⮩
㭪樨.  IsLetter     㭪樥,    
ᨬ쭮  祭    頥  True,  ᫨  ᨬ 
㪢,   False  ⨢ 砥.      祭  ⥫쭠
஢ઠ    㦨,     ஢ ⮫쪮 㪢
孥  ॣ.      뫠    ஢  ᨬ  
  'A'..'Z'    'a'..'z'    ८ࠧ뢠  ᨬ 
ᨬ 孥 ॣ ० 祬 믮 ஢.

         ப  ⥪    ⥫
  宦 筨 訡.    㪢  'A'  'I'
 孥,  ⠪   ॣ஢,      
  뫠 ࠦ  ᯥ⪥ १⮢.    ,
祬  ந諮.

     ୨ ⭮  ப,    ன  뢠  㭪
IsLetter,  ᯮ짮     ਥ ⫠:  
 Alt-F8,    ணࠬ 믮    
⥪饩  楤  㭪樨.  ᪮  ப 室
,  abc def ghi,  ᮤন ⮫쪮 ᨬ   ॣ,
       ਭ ணࠬ  ⮩ ( 㪢) 
 ய饭.    祭   १⮢  
  ⢠  㪢   ᫮  뢠 ࢮ  ⢥୮
訡.

  Evaluate/Modify   ----------------------------------

      稬,     ᯮᮡ,   
  ࠢ  ࠡ  㭪樨  IsLetter.  ன  
  Evaluate/Modify,      Alt-D  E      
᫥饥 ࠦ:

     IsLetter('a') = IsLetter('A')

       ᨬ,  A  a,   㪢,   㭪
頥  祭  False,   ஥         ⮬,   
ࠡ뢠   㭪樥  IsLetter  .  (  
Evaluate/Modify   ᫥  ᯮ짮  ᫥
ࠦ, 믮 ᢠ  맮 楤  㭪権.
 祭  ஡ ଠ樨    6).

஢ઠ 祭 ६   ----------------------------------

      訡    ।. 訡 #2  ⥫쭮
, 祬  ।騥.   Alt-F8, ⮡  
楤 ProcessLine,  ⥬ ६   ப  234  
  F4, ⮡ 믮 ணࠬ  ⮩ ப.

     ணࠬ    ப.   abc def ghi 
 Enter,  ⥬  Enter  ࠧ,   
.   F7, ⮡   楤 ShowResults.

     ,       ⠥   ।,  祬  ।
⢮ ᫮  ப ⮡ࠦ ࠢ쭮.  ࢠ ப
  楤  ShowResults    ⢮  ப   ᫮,
 ⮣,  ⮡  ⢮ ᫮    ப.  
⭮:   ଠ   ⠬.

        㡥  ⮬,   ६ NumLines 
NumWords ᮤঠ   祭,      .  祭
NumLines    ࠢ 2,   祭 NumWords (᪮ 
  ࠢ 訡  㭪樨 IsLetter)    ࠢ 3.
      ᫮ NumLines    Alt-F10 I,
⮡ ஢ 祭 ⮩ ६.    ஢ન  㤥
    ६ NumLines,   ⨯  ⥪饥 祭 
筮      ⭠筮    ଠ.        祭
⢨⥫쭮  ࠢ  2,  ⮬    ⠢     
஢ 祭 NumWords.    Esc,  ⮡    
஢ન, ⥬    ᫮ NumWords  ᭮ 
 Alt-F10 I ( ⮣  뫮  ᯮ짮 ⨢
  Ctrl-I).  ६  NumWords  ⢨⥫쭮    
祭 (ࠢ쭮),  ஥  ,    3, ⮬
 ⮦  ⠢  .

      ?         ஡,  易  ⨬
᫥,          祭      ᯨ᮪.   ।
믮  ணࠬ  ந ஢  ࠢ⢮
 ண ଠ.  ᫨    ணࠬ    砫    
      (    Enter    ⢥   
),  ந ⠫ ᡮ ( ᫨  ⠬
  ⥫).

     ⮡ 㡥  ⮬,    Esc,  ⮡ 
 ஢ન,    Alt-R P,  ⮡  ⥪騩
ᥠ  ⫠,    F9,  ⮡  ணࠬ 
砫,   ⥬  ⢥      ணࠬ  TPDEMOB  
Enter.    ணࠬ  㤥 ⠭   ࠭ 
ᮮ饭  訡 ਮ 믮.  ⮡ ࠢ  訡,
  ஢   ᫥騬 ࠧ:


     if NumLines <> 0 then
       AvgWords := NumWords / NumLines
     else
       AvgWords := 0;

      祭    訡 #2  #2.   ࠧ   砫
ࠡ      ᫥,  ஡  ᯮ짮    
ᬮ  ᮤন    .  ६   
ᠭ ᨢ LetterTable   ப  50.      
᫮  LetterTable    Alt-F10 I.   㢨,  
 ᨢ ᥩ,  ᮤঠ騩 26 ⮢.  ᬮ ᥣ
ᨢ    ப稢  ᮤন       
ࠢ ஬   Enter,  ⮡  ஢  祭
㦭  ⮢.    祭  魮 ।⢮ ஢ન 
,     ਣ   ஢ન  吝  ᯨ᪠,
ᮧ 楤ன ParmsOnHeap.

  ६묨   ---------------------------------------

      ३      訡   楤 ShowResults,
 ਢ  ࠢ쭮 ⮡ࠦ   ⮫殢
  ⠡  (訡  #3).  ᪮  ࠡ  ணࠬ 㦥 뫠
⠭  १  訡      ,
⮢   ᫥饬 ᥠ,    Alt-R P (⮡
 ணࠬ  室 ﭨ).  ⥬    
AltF9,  showresults   Enter.    
  ABC DEF GHI   Enter  ࠧ.  , 
abc def ghi    Enter.   Turbo Debugger 
⠭ ணࠬ  砫 楤 ShowResults.

     ShowResults ᯮ   楤  ShowLetterInfo,
 ⮡ࠦ ⠡ 㪢. ६    ப
103,   F4,  ⥬   F7, ⮡ 
믮 楤 ShowLetterInfo  蠣 ०.

      ᮤন    横  for.    ࢮ 横 ⮡ࠦ
  ⮫殢,      ஬       쥬   -   
㯮ॡ 㪢.  ᯮ  F7,  ⮡   
横,    稭    ப  62.       
६ FromLet  ToLet     Alt-F10 I ஢
 祭.   룫  ଠ쭮  (ࢠ  ࠢ  'A',
  ࠢ  'M').     Alt-F5,  ⮡ ᬮ
࠭ 짮⥫  㡥  ⮬,    ⠫  .
  , ⮡    .

      ஢ન   横,      ,   祭  㤮
ᯮ짮  ᫥.    ᫮ ch  
  Ctrl-W.        F7 筨 믮
横 for.    ,  믮  Write   ப
64.    ᫨  ⥯    ᬮ     ᫥,  
㢨,  祭 ch 㦥 ࠢ 'M' (  横 㦥 믮
!).       譥 窥  ⮩,   ⮨
ࠧ ᫥ १ࢨ஢  ᫮  do.  -    横  for
믮  13  ࠧ  ,  ᮢ襭 祣  .  
ࠢ  ।    Write    ப  64,  ⥪饥
祭  ६  ch  ('M') 뢮  ࠭,   믮
ணࠬ த.         ⮩,  
࠭ 訡 #3.

   訡...   ------------------------------------------

      諮   ६        ࠭  訡  
⮡ࠦ 㬥⮢    ப.  ,    
᫥  㪢    (஬  ᫥)  ࠬ஢  
ப ⮡ࠦ  砩  ᨬ.  ,  
 ப ᮤন ୮ 祭,    ப 뫨
  १ -   ᢠ.

      ᪠  訡  ᯮ㥬    ᫥.  
 Alt-F9,   parmsonheap   Enter.  横 for
ᬠਢ  ࠬ  ப, ᮧ 吝
ᯨ᮪,      ப        .
⥫ Head 㪠뢠   砫  ᯨ᪠,  Tail  㪠뢠  
᫥ 㧥 ᯨ᪠,   Temp ᯮ  ⢥ ६
   뤥    樠樨    㧫.  ᪮
 ப 뫨 祭,    Ctrl-F7  
᫥饥 ࠦ   ᫥:

     Tail^.Parm^

        ᫥  묨 ப,  ࠭
   ᫥   㧫  ᯨ᪠.  筮  ,    祭  㤥
᫥,   ६ Tail  㤥 樠஢  
ப 207.

      ⮣,  ⮡  믮 楤  蠣 ०,
 㤥 ஢ 祭      ᫥  ᫥  
樨.  ६    ப 208    F2,
⮡ ⠭    ⠭.      
F9, ⮡ 믮 ணࠬ  ⮩ ப. ᫨  ᯮ
樮 ⥬ DOS ᨨ 3.x,   㢨    ᫥
    ணࠬ  TPDEMOB.EXE  (᫨  ᯮ DOS
ᨨ 2.x,   㢨  ப;   ⮬ 砥   
ࠧ   F9,  ⮡  믮 ணࠬ).
 ப 룫 祭 .

       F9,  ⮡ 믮 横  ࠧ.    ᭮
 룫 .   ,    
   ࠢ쭮.  ⮡  ஢,    뫨  
 㦥 祭,  ᯮ짮  ஢ન. 
  ᫮ Head  ப 203    Alt-F10 I.

        Enter    ⥬  "५  ",   ஢
祭,     ஥  㪠뢠  ६  Parm.    
ᮤন ࢮ 㧫 ᯨ᪠,     ப  㦥  ᪠.
᫨    Esc, "५ ",  ⥬ ᭮ Enter,
 ஥  ஢ન  ண 㧫 ᯨ᪠.  Enter,
⮡ ஢  ப.   ⠫ ஭묨  
    㧥,        㪠뢠   ६   Tail.
। ந室 - ࠭  殬 ப.

        蠣  믮  横     F7
᫥  ᮤন  ᫥.  ""  맮
㭪樨 GetMem  ப 199.  ⮣ 맮 祭 Tail^.Parm^
ࠢ first.  ࠧ   ᫥  맮  GetMem,  ᫥  ᨬ
ப ய.

        ந室?     ࠬ  ப
横 for 뤥 ᭠砫 ,  ⥬ ப ,  ⥬
᫥   ..  㭪 GetMem, 뢠  ப 199,
 뤥 筮   ࠧ饭 ᠬ ப  
  ,  ,       ,    
  祭 Length(s).        ᢠ  
ப 200 ࠢ쭮 믮 ஢ ப,   䠪᪨
  1   祬  뫮  뤥  .  ⮬  
맮   楤   New(Temp)  ᫥  ᨬ    ப
४뢠    ⮬  ᫥饩  ,  ࠧ饭  
. ᫥ ࠬ ⠥ ஭, ⮬   
 ᫥    ParmRec.

        訡  ⮩ ணࠬ ().  ,  
  蠣 ⫠  㤠 㦨  -.
  ࠢ 訡 ( 㤮⢠   祭    ⥪
 窠)  ४஢ ணࠬ,   
ணࠬ TPDEMO.PAS,  ᠭ   3,  ன 
㪠 訡.
