




























                              8 0 3 8 6
            
            
                                  
            
            
                       ᪢ 1987 
.                     
                                    -  2 -                      
                     
                     
                     
                      80386
     
     I.  ᭮ 楫 ࠧࠡ⪨ - ய樮쭮 襭 
孨᪨ ࠪ⨪  ࠭ ணࠬ  ᮢ⨬
 ꥪ    8086/186/286.
     
                   ᭮ २⢠:
     
     1.    ࠫ쭮   ࠡ  ᪮쪨   ணࠬ,
ࠡ  ࠢ    樨  樮  ⥬
PC-DOS, MS-DOS, UNIX  XENIX;
     2. ᮢ⨬  ᭨     ⥪   8086, 186,
        286.
     
     
                   ᭮  ਬ:
     
     1. ;
     2. ⥬ ⮬⨧樨 ᪨ ࠡ;
     3. ;
     4. ஡孨;
     5. 㤮  ஥묨 .
     
                 ᭮ 孨᪨ ࠪ⨪.
     
     來  ࠡ뢠    -             8;  16; 32.
                                                             32 
     ᨬ ꥬ אַ㥬  -  4   (2  ). 
                                                             64 
     ᨬ ꥬ 㠫쭮  -      64  (2  ).
     
     ந⥫쭮         -                 3...4  .
                                                   ᥪ. (।)
                                                   16 .
     
     ⢮ ஢  -               6.
     
     ⮢  -                           12,5  16 .
     
     ᨬ ࠧ ᥣ -               4 .
     
      ࠭  -                           4 .
     
     ⢮ ஢ ਢ஢ -     4.
     
     ⢮ 뢮  -                 132.
     
     ⥯ ⥣樨-                          275 .࠭. 

     孮 -                                 CHMOS III(1,5). 

      ⠫ -                           9,75*10,4 .
     
                   ⥪.
     
      ⮨  3 ᭮ ⥩:
                   ன⢠ ࠡ⪨;
                   ன⢠ ࠢ ;
                   䥩᭮ .

                                     -  4 -
           
           
     
     ன⢮  ࠡ⪨  ⮨    ᯮ⥫쭮 ன⢠
                            (樮  )      
                            (ࠢ饩 ).  ন  8  32-
                            ࠧ來 , 64- ⮢ 横᪨
                            ᤢ⥫.           
                            ⢫         1        
                            横.   㬭   ⠪,  
                              ४頥,    
                            騩  㬭      㫨.
                            筮 ६ 㬭 32- ࠧ來
                            ᥫ  1 .
     
     ன⢮ ࠢ   ⮨  ᥣ⭮  ࠭筮 
                            .          
                            ࠡ     ᪨  ᠬ   
                            ᥬ        ⥪騬          
                            २⢠.  ࠭筠 ࣠ 
                            ᯮ        ᥣ     
                            ࠢ  䨧᪨ ᠬ.  
                                16381 ᥣ  
                            4  , .. 㠫쭠  
                              ࠧ஬ 64 . 
     
     䥩     ᯥ稢  ⢨    譨
                            ன⢠,     ⮬᪮
                            ࠢ    ࠧ來    設,   
                            ନ஢ ᨣ ⨢ ⮢.
     
       㭪樮஢   ᭮ ०:
     
     ०  ॠ쭮  樨-  ࠪਧ   ⥬,      
                            ࠡ⠥     祭    8086  
                            32- ७;
     
     ०  饭   㠫쭮   樨-   ॠ   
                            ⮨⢠     (०  ࠫ쭮
                            믮 ᪮쪨  ᪮쪨 
                            8086 -    ).
     
                     ॣ஢ 䠩.
     
       32 ॣ, ࠧ  ᫥騥 㯯:
     
                 ॣ 饣 祭; 
                 ᥣ ॣ;
                 㪠⥫   ॣ ਧ;
                 ࠢ騥 ॣ;
                 ॣ ⥬ ᮢ;
                 ⫠ ॣ;
                 ⮢ ॣ.
.
                                     -  5 -
           
           
                     饣 祭.
     31                    16 15         8 7         0
     _________________________________________________
     |                       |            |           |
     |                       |AH        A | X      AL | EAX
     |_______________________|____________|___________|
     |                       |            |           |
     |                       |BH        B | X      BL | EBX
     |_______________________|____________|___________|
     |                       |            |           |
     |                       |CH        C | X      CL | ECX
     |_______________________|____________|___________|
     |                       |            |           |
     |                       |DH        D | X      DL | EDX
     |_______________________|____________|___________|
     |                       |                        |
     |                       |           SI           | ESI
     |_______________________|________________________|
     |                       |                        |
     |                       |           DI           | EDI
     |_______________________|________________________|
     |                       |                        |
     |                       |           BP           | EBP
     |_______________________|________________________|
     |                       |                        |
     |                       |           SP           | ESP
     |_______________________|________________________|
                                 ॣ
                            15                       0
                             _________________________
                            |                         |
                            |            CS           |  
                            |_________________________|
                            |                         |  
                            |            SS           |  ⥪
                            |_________________________|  _
                            |                         |   |
                            |            DS           |   |
                            |_________________________|   |
                            |                         |   |
                            |            ES           |   |
                            |_________________________|   > 
                            |                         |   |
                            |            FS           |   |
                            |_________________________|   |
                            |                         |   |
                            |            GS           |   |
                            |_________________________|  _|
             ⥫   ॣ ਧ.
     31                   16 15                       0
     _________________________________________________
     |                      |                         |
     |                      |   ⥫             |   EIP
     |                      |                   |
     |______________________|_________________________|
     |                      |                         |
     |                      |   ਧ              |   EF ॣ
     |______________________|_________________________|   ਧ
     .2-2.  饣 祭, ᥣ   
                       㪠⥫ 
.
                                     -  6 -
                
     ন , 㪠⥫   ॣ ਧ  
   믮塞         ⮬᪨   ॣ㦠   
४祭 .
     ⥪      ।⢥       6
ᥣ⠬  (ࠧ஬    4    )    ᯥ樠
ᥫ஢,        १㦠    ணࠬ. ন
ᥫ஢  ⠪     ⮬᪨ १㦠
 ४祭 .
     ⠫  ॣ    ᯮ,    ࠧ,  
饭 ஥஢  ⫠ 樮 ⥬.
     
                 ᠭ ॣ஢ .
     
       -  ᯮ    ࠭ ࠭  ᮢ. 
ࠡ  ࠭, 騬  1, 8, 16, 32  64    
⮢묨  ﬨ     1  32 . 祭 ॣ஢ 
ᯮ짮 ᮮ⢥饩  ਢ  .2.2.
     
     ⥫      -   ࠭   ᬥ饭,   ஥   ᥣ
᪫뢠      祭     ᥣ⭮  ॣ   
।      ᫥饩   .   訥   16   ࠧ冷
ᮮ⢥ IP । .
     
       ਧ  -  ࠦ ﭨ   ᯮ짮
⮫쪮 16-   ࠧ冷; ᮢ⨬  ।騬 ﬨ .
     31                                        3 2 1 0
     _________________________________________________
     |            | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | | | 
     |१ࢨ-  |V|R| |N|IOP|O|D|I|T|S|Z| |A| |P| |C|
     |஢      |M|F|O|T| L |F|F|F|F|F|F|O|F|O|F|1|F|
     |____________|_|_|_|_|___|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
                   | |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |   |
     㠫   | |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |   | ७
     ०         | |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |   |__________
     ______________| |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |
                     |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |⭮
     ஢ઠ        |   |  |  | | | | | |   |   |____________
     ________________|   |  |  | | | | | |   |
                         |  |  | | | | | |   |ᯮ⥫
                |  |  | | | | | |   |७
                   |  |  | | | | | |   |_______________
     ____________________|  |  | | | | | |
                            |  | | | | | |ਧ 
     ஢ ਢ.-   |  | | | | | |_________________
     _______________________|  | | | | |
                               | | | | |  
     ९              | | | | |__________________
     __________________________| | | |
                                 | | |஢
     ਧ ࠢ         | | |____________________
     ____________________________| |
                                   |
     襭 뢠         |
     ______________________________|

                    .2-3.  ਧ
.
                                     -  7 -
           
           
                      祭 ਧ.
     
     VM  -  ᯥ稢  ०  㠫쭮  8086    ०
㠫쭮  樨.    VM  =  1   㤥 ४祭  ०
㠫쭮 8086,    ⮬  ࠢ  १㧪  ᥣ⮢
㤥   ⢫      8086,         ᪫祭  13
⢨⥫ ਢ஢ . VM   ⠭
     IRET  (᫨  ஢  ਮ  =  0)    
४砥      訩 ஢.  POPF   
VM.  PUSHF ᥣ 뢠 VM  0, ᫨  믮  
०  㠫쭮  8086.  ন  ॣ  ਧ  㤥
஢    뢠    ࠭    ४祭
,  ᫨  뢠  㤥  믮  ० 㠫쭮
8086.     

     RF - ਧ ᯮ ᮢ⭮   ⫠묨  ॣࠬ 
஫ 祪 (뢠)  蠣 ०.    
஢ 室 믮      ⫠筮  ०  ( 
⫠).  ᫨  ⠭  RF (=1),    ஢ 
訡,  騥    ⫠      ᫥饩   .   RF 
⮬᪨  뢠    0    ᯥ譮 믮  
(訡  㦥),  ᪫祭  IRET  POPF,   ⠪ 
JMP, CALL  INT  ४祭 .  ⠭ RF 
 ﭨ  ।塞  ﭨ  .  ਬ,     
믮 ணࠬ 㦨 ஫쭮 窨  IRET 
 ⠭ RF  ﭨ, ᮮ⢥饥 祭  ॣ 
ਧ, ࠭  ⥪  ୮ ⠭ RF  1. 
     
     NT - ਧ   ᯮ ⮫쪮  . NT=1
㪠뢠,    ⥪       ⭮襭  
㣮 .   ⠭  뢠    맮 
㣨  .  NT ஢  IRET  ।  
  譥    ⭮襭        . 
  POPF    IRET  ⠭ NT  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⥬, 
 ࠭  ⥪   ஢ ਢ஢. 
     
     IOPL  -  ਧ  ᯮ  ⮫쪮    . IOPL 㪠뢠 
ᨬ   稭    ⥪饣     ਮ,  ᯥ稢 
믮   -  ॠ樨  13 訡.  ਧ ⠪ 
ᯥ稢 롮 IF,   祭 ⠫   ⥪ 
  ॣ  ਧ. POPF   IRET   IOPL ,  
IOPL = 0 (CPL=0).   ४祭    IOPL     
ᥣ  ९ TSS. 
     
     OF - ਧ ९.
     
     DF - 㪠뢠,   祭 ॣ஢  ESI    EDI
 믮 権  ப. 0 - ६, 1 - ६.
     
     IF - ࠧ蠥 ࠡ 譨 뢠 (IF = 1).
                              _______
     
     TF  -    TF  =  1   뢠 ᫥ 믮
 . ᫨ TF = 0 뢠  ⮫쪮  ࠡ 
⫠묨 ॣࠬ DR3...DR0.
     
     SF  - ࠦ ﭨ  饣 ࠧ鸞  ࠡ
 ᮮ⢥騬 ଠ⮬ .
     
     ZF - ਧ ࠢ⢠ १ 樨 .

                                     -  8 -
           
           
     
     AF -  ⠭    ७        3  ࠧ
ᨬ  ଠ ࠭.
     
     PF  - PF = 1, ᫨ ⢮   襬  ⭮.  
  ଠ . 
     
     CF  -  ७    襣   ࠧ鸞. ⢥  ଠ
࠭.
     
      ᮤন 6  16-  ⮢ ᥣ  ॣ஢,  ࠭ 
祭   ᥫ     ।  祭  ⥪   
ᥣ⮢.    ᥣ          
       ᨬ쭮  祭  䨧᪮  ᭮ 
࠭⢠ 4 .   ࠧ ᥣ  ࠭祭  ࠧ஬ 
64 . 

           
                      ਯ ॣ
 ॣ                    (㦠 ⮬᪨)
                   䨧᪮       㣨 ਡ
 15      0                    ᥣ    ਯ
 _________        _______________________________________________  
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || S -  |                |           | | | | | | | |-| |
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || SS -  |                |           | | | | | | |-| |-|
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || DS -  |                |           | | | | | | |-|-|-|
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || ES -  |                |           | | | | | | |-|-|-|
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || FS -  |                |           | | | | | | |-|-|-|
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 |        |       |                |           | | | | | | | | | |
 || GS -  |                |           | | | | | | |-|-|-|
 |________|       |________________|___________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|

            .2-4.  ॣ  ᮮ⢥騥
                        ਯ ॣ 80386
.                
                                     -  9 -
                                     
                
     ਯ   ॣ   ᥣ⮢   ணࠬ    , 
 ⮬  㤮  .    㣮  ஭   
ॣ   ࠧ뢭   易      ᮮ⢥騬  ᥣ묨 
ॣࠬ.    ਯ  ॣ  ࠭  32-   ⮢ 
    ᥣ,  32-  ⮢  ࠧ  ᥣ  㣨 
室 ਡ ᥣ. 
      祭 ᥫ  㦠    ᥣ  ॣ,
ᮮ⢥騩  ਯ  ॣ  ⮬᪨  㦠
ࠢ쭮 ଠ樥.    ।⢥ ᯮ  ⮫쪮
   (  ᤢ   4 ࠧ鸞 ),  ࠧ ᥣ 
ਡ ﭭ  (䨪஢   ).     , ࠧ  
ਡ   ᥣ⭮  ਯ  ।  ᥫ஬. 32-
⮢    ᥣ  ⠭  ⮬  ନ஢
ᯮ⥫쭮    , 32-   ⮢   ࠧ   ᥣ   
஢ન  ࠭  ࠡ祩   ,   ਡ   ஢   
ᮮ⢥⢨ ⨯ 訢  (⨯ 饭). 

               ࠢ騥 ॣ.
     
      ᮤন  3  ࠢ  32- ⮢ ॣ: CRO, CR2 
CR3,  ࠭騥  ﭨ  設       騥      ⥪饩
ᯮ塞  .     ॣࠬ ᯥ稢   
ᯥ樠 .
     
     CRO   -   ॣ   ࠢ   設   (   ॣ
᫮ﭨ 設 80286).
     
 31             24 23           16 15            8 7              0
 _________________________________________________________________
 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
 | P|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|E|T|E|M|P|
 | G| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |T|S|M|P|E|
 |__|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 
                                  `---------------\/--------------'
                                         ﭨ 設
                                          80286 (MSW)
                                          
                .2-5.CR0 ॣ ࠢ 設
     
       ࠭  ᮢ⨬   80286  ⥬  80386
⠢ 樨 LMSW  SMSW, ࠡ騥  訬 16- ⠬
CRO.   80386  ᯮ짮  MOVCRO.
.     
                                     - 10 -
                
                
                     祭 ⮢
     
     PG -        PG = 1 祭 ० ࠭筮 樨.
 (PAGING ENABLE)
     
     ET   -   㪠뢠         ⨯     ᮯ      (ET=1 -
 (PROCESSOR 80387,  ET = 0 - 80287). ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨
 EXTENSION       ஢   ᨣ      室   ERROR    ६
 TYPE)        砫쭮         ⠭.  ஬      ⮣,  
              ⠭      뢠   ணࠬ.  
              ᯥ祭   ᮢ⨬        80286    ET    
              ⠭  LMSW.
    
     TS   -    ⮬᪨   ⠭      ४祭 
 (TASK         . ᫨ TS=0  MP=1,     祭   
 SWITCHED)         ᮯ    ନ    뢠   7 
               (⢨ ᮯ). ணࠬ 㦨 
               뢠   筮  ࠭  ᮤন  287/387, 
               ਭ饥    ।饩    ,     㦠 
               ﭨ,    ਭ騥    ⥪饩   ,    
               뢠  TS      ﭨ,     ஬    
               室  祭   ᮯ. 

      EM  -    EM=1 ⮣,           ᮯc
(EMULTE            ନ஢   뢠   7   (⢨
COPROCESSOR)   ᮯ). EM=0   ᫥   砫쭮   ⠭.
                WAIT    ﭨ EM. 

     MP  -     MP ᯮ ᮢ⭮  TS. ᫨ MP=1  TS=1, 
(MONITOR        祭  WAIT  뢠 7.
COPROCESSOR)

     PE -      㪠뢠  (PE=1)    ० 㠫쭮  樨.
(PROTECTION      PE=0 ࠡ⠥  . PE     ⠭
ENABLE)         LMSW   LCRO. ⨬,   ᯥ祭
               ᮢ⨬  80286 PE    뢠  
               LMSW.

     CR1 -     १ࢨ஢ ମ Intel   ஢.
     
     CR2 -      ॣ      ࠭   ᯮ⥫쭮    
                饩 ࠭.  ࠭ 32- ⮢ 
                ᯮ⥫          ࠭,       
                ⢮  (᫥  ஬)    .   
                祭   ࠭  ⥪ ணࠬ 
                㦨 ஬  ⥫쭮 . 
                     
                      
     CR3 -      ॣ ࠭    ⠡  ࠭. 
                ࠭  䨧᪨     । ⠡ 
                ࠭.       ࠧ   ࠭  䨪஢  
                (4 ),         ࠧ冷    
                ⢨⥫.   ४祭    ᮤন 
                CR3  ࠭   -  ࠭. 
     
.     
                                     - 11 -
                                     
                                     
 31            24|23           16|15          8|7         0
 ________________|_______________|_____________|___________
 |                                                         |
 | ᯮ⥫쭮  饩 ࠭    |  CR2
 |_________________________________________________________|
 |                                 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
 |  । ⠡ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
 |࠭                          |0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|  CR3
 |_________________________________|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
 
          .2-6. 2  3 ॣ ࠢ
                
              ⥬ ॣ 
     
     ⥬  ॣ  ন    ஢  286/386 
:
     GDT - ⠡  ਯ஢;
     IDT - ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠;
     LDT - ⠡  ਯ஢;
     TSS - ᥣ ﭨ .
     
              ⥬ ॣ 
     
 47   32- ⮢ ᯮ⥫    16 15  ࠭   0
 ______________________________________________________________
 |                                              |              |
 |______________________________________________|______________|GDTR
 |                                              |              |
 |______________________________________________|______________|IDTR    
    
   ⥬                ਯ ॣ
   ᥣ             (㦠 ⮬᪨)
   ॣ
     
                        32- ⮢        ࠭      ਡ
                        ᯮ⥫                  
                                                
        15         0               
        ___________     _________________________________________
       |           |    |              |                | |    | |
 TR    |   |    |              |                | |    | |
       |___________|    |______________|________________|_|____|_|
       |           |    |              |                | |    | |
 LDTR  |   |    |              |                | |    | |
       |___________|    |______________|________________|_|____|_|
     
     .2-7. ⥬   ⥬ ᥣ ॣ
     
      GDTR  IDTR  騬    ⥬.
      LDTR  TR  ᯥ묨   .
.
                                     - 12 -
           
           
    ⫠ ॣ
  31                    0
  ______________________
  |                     |
  | ஢  0 | DRO     ⫠ ॣ   ᢮ 
  |                     |         ⠢ 6 ॣ஢
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  | ஢  1 | DR1
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  | ஢  2 | DR2
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  | ஢  3 | DR3
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  | Intel         | DR4
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  | Intel         | DR5
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  |ﭨ ஢| DR6
  |_____________________|
  |                     |
  |ࠢ ஢.| DR7
  |_____________________|

     
    ⮢ ॣ
   ( - ࠭)
     
  31                    0
  ______________________
  |                     |
  |ࠢ           |
  |஢        | TR6     ⮢ ॣ ।祭 
  |_____________________|           ஢ન  樠⨢
  |                     |            ࠭樨 ᮢ .
  |ﭨ         |
  |஢         | TR7
  |_____________________|

       .2-8. ⫠  ⮢ ॣ

       ࠧ    㯭  ॣ஢     ࠧ
० ࠡ .
.
                                     - 13 -
           
           
               2-1. ᯮ짮 ॣ஢
  ________________________________________________________________
  |                    |             |              |             |
  |             |ᯮ짮|ᯮ짮 |ᯮ짮|
  |                    |         |          | .8086  |
  |                    |_____________|______________|_____________|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  |                    |. |ࠧ.|. |ࠧ. |. |ࠧ.|
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  |                 |    |    |    |     |    |    |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  |          |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ॣ           |    |    |    |     |    |    |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  |            |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ਧ          |    |    |    |     |IOPL  |IOPL  |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ࠢ騥        |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ॣ           |    |    |PL=0  |PL=0   |   |    |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | GDTR               |    |    |PL=0  |     |   |    |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | IDTR               |    |    |PL=0  |     |   |    |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | LDTR               |   |   |PL=0  |     |   |   |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | TR                 |   |   |PL=0  |     |   |   |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ࠢ         |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ⫠           |    |    |PL=0  |PL=0   |   |   |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
  |                    |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ⮢           |      |      |      |       |      |      |
  | ॣ           |    |PL=0  |PL=0  |PL=0   |   |   |
  |____________________|______|______|______|_______|______|______|
     
     PL=0     -     ॣ    㯭    ⮫쪮        ஢
ਢ஢, ࠢ 0.
     IOPL     -      PUSHF  POPF   IOPL.
     
     砭.
     
       ᯥ祭    ᮢ⨬      騬  ࠬ
室:
     1)     ᪨஢    (᪫    ﭨ)    । 
(ᯮ짮  ⮢    ᮮ⢥   ॣ       
஢થ; 
     2) ᯥ ⢨  ﭨ   ⮢     
  㣨 ॣ;
     3) ᪫  ଠ樨  । ;
     4)  ᯥ稢    0    ᯮ짮  ,  
㦠 ᮮ⢥騥 ॣ.
     

                                     - 14 -
           
           
               ⥬  
     
     ⥬  砥 9 㯯 :
     
     1) । ;
     2) 䬥᪨;
     3) ᤢ;
     4) ࠡ⪨ ப;
     5) 樨 ⠬;
     6) । ࠢ;
     7) প 몮 ᮪ ஢;
     8) প 樮 ⥬;
     9) ࠢ ஬.
     
         ᮤঠ    0  3 ࠭, ࠧ饭 
ॣ      ।⢥     .   設⢮
࠭   - ⮢. ࠭  筮
塠⮢. ।      -  3,2 .   
࠭    ।  5   16- ⮢ ।  
०饩  롮ન.   ᯮ짮    ࠭  
᫥騥 ⨯ ⢨: ॣ-ॣ;
                               -ॣ;
                               ।⢥ ࠭-ॣ;
                               -;
                               ॣ-;
                               ।⢥ ࠭-.
     ࠭         8,   16    32- ࠧ來묨. 
믮 , ᠭ  80386, ࠭     8
  32 ,   80286  8086-࠭ 8  16 .  ᥬ
     䨪,      
࠭  (..    ᯮ짮  32-  ⮢ ࠭ 
16- ⮢   16- ⮢ ࠭    32-  ⮢
).
     
                        樨
     
       ᯥ稢  11  ० 樨,  ⠭ 
䥪⨢  믮  ணࠬ,   ᠭ     ⨯    
࠭.   ० 樨: ० ॣ஢ 樨  ०
।⢥   樨 - ।祭,  ᮮ⢥⢥,  
樨            ॣ஢   ॣ஢      
।⢥ ࠭  ࠧ來 8, 16, 32 .
       9  ०  樨  .  ᯮ⥫  
砥  ᥡ     - ᥣ  䥪⨢
. 䥪⨢    㬬஢  ᫥  4-
⮢:
     1)  ᬥ饭  -  8   32- ⮢ 稭, ।⢥
   (16- ⮢ ᬥ饭    ᯮ짮
  䨪);
     2)    -  ᮤন  .    ॣ 筮
ᯮ ࠬ      ⢥  窨   쭮
 ;
     3)    - ᮤন   , ᪫ ESP. 
ॣ ᯮ  㯠  ⠬ ப  ᨢ. 
     4) 稭   -   㪠뢠   蠣   (1,  2,  4     8)   
(蠣   樨)  ᭮  ॣ.  樨  
                     ᯥ譮 ᮢ ᨢ  .
     
.                
                                     - 15 -
                
                
     ᫥  䥪⨢     ࠪ᪨      蠥
ந⥫쭮     -  ᯮ짮  ୮
०. ⢥ ᪫祭 - ६ ᯮ짮 ,
  ᬥ饭,  蠥 த⢨   ⠪.
     EA =  +  ( । 蠣)+ ᬥ饭.
     
                       (. .2-9).
     
     אַ  樨. 饭  ࠭ ᮤন  8, 16
                         32 ࠧ鸞 . 
     ஢ ᢥ.     ॣ ᮤঠ
                         ࠭. 
      .  ॣ 㬬  ᬥ饭.
     ᭠   .      ॣ   㬬  
                        ᬥ饭. 
     ᭠   蠣. ন  ᭮   ॣ
                        㬭      蠣      㬬  
                        ᬥ饭.  
     -᭠ .  =  + .
     -᭠    蠣.  =  +  * 蠣.
     -᭠    ᬥ饭.  =  +  +
                        + ᬥ饭.
     -᭠   ᬥ饭   蠣.
                         =  +  * 蠣 + ᬥ饭.

           32-  16- ࠧ來묨 ᠬ.
     
        ᯥ祭   ᮢ⨬    ஢  室
ணࠬ ( 16- ⮢묨   86  286)   믮    
  386    ॠ쭮    饭 ०.  ।
ࠧ୮ ,  D   ਯ ᥣ. 
᫨   D=0,            ࠭    䥪⨢  ᮢ
⠢ 16 . ᫨ D=1 - 32 .  ॠ쭮 ० - 16 .
         D      ᯥ稢     䨪,
롨ࠥ । ⨬ : 1) 䨪 ࠧ୮  ࠭,
                                  2) 䨪  .
     䨪 ⮬᪨  ᥬ஬     Intel.
     
     2-3.    ॣ  16-  32- 
                            ⮢ ᮢ.
     ____________________________________________________________
     |                       |                |                  |
     |                       |  16- ⮢ |   32- ⮢   |
     |                       |           |             |
     |_______________________|________________|__________________|
     |                       |                |                  |
     | ॣ        |  BX, BP        |  32- |
     |                       |                |               |
     |_______________________|________________|__________________|
     |                       |                |                  |
     | ॣ      |  SI, DI        |  32- |
     |                       |                | , ᪫ ESP|
     |_______________________|________________|__________________|
     |                       |                |                  |
     |                    |             | 1, 2, 4, 8       |
     |_______________________|________________|__________________|
     |                       |                |                  |
     |饭               |  0, 8, 16   | 0, 8, 32      |
     |_______________________|________________|__________________|
         
      ⮩ ⠡   ࠧ    ᯮ짮    
 ॣ஢. 

                                     - 17 -
           
           
     䨪  ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮  ࠧ쭮   
樥.  䨪        ᯥ稢  ࠧ୮
                                      ----------------
  64     ०  ॠ쭮  樨.   
FFFFH  㤥   ᬠਢ    訡. 䨪    
ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⥫ ० 樨 80386.

                        

     80386 ন  ⨯ , ᯮ㥬 .
      -    ࠧ.
     ⮢  - 㯯  32- ⮢.
     窠  ⮢ (ப) -  ᫥⥫ ⮢, 
 4 .
      - 8- ⮢ ( ) 稭.
       - 8- ⮢ ( ) 稭.
      (᫮) - 16- ⮢ ( ) 稭.
      楫 ( ᫮) - 32-  ⮢  (  )
稭.
      楫 (᫮) - 16- ⮢ ( ) 稭.
        楫 ( ᫮) - 32- ⮢ (
) 稭.
     ⢥७ ᫮   - 64 ,  .
     ⢥७ ᫮   - 64   .
     ⪨  㪠⥫  -  16-    32-  ࠧ來  ᬥ饭,
ᢥ ।饥 祩 .
     ⥫  -  16- ⮢ ᥣ  16-  32- ࠧ來
ᬥ饭.
         -    ⮢    ।⠢     ࠢ     
䠢⭮-஢ ᨬ ASCII.
     ப - ᫥⥫쭮  ⮢.
     筮-         -    ⮢    (㯠)
।⠢    0  9.
      筮-   -  ⮢  ।⠢
    0  9.
     
        ,   80386    䬥᪨
ᮯ஬  ⨯   80287    80387,  ⥫쭮  ᯮ
ଠ :
     饩  ⮩  -    32-,  64-  80- ࠧ來
।⠢ (浪  ).
     
                     . .2-10.
     
                   ࣠ 
      ,  ᫮      ᫮.  ᫮  
  ᫮  ࠧ,   ࠧ   ᫥⥫   楯. 
⮢    ᫮    筮  ᫮  ᮮ⢥ 襬 
.        ᭮   ⨯      80386    
ন   訥  : ࠭  ᥣ. 
                ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢ 
ࠧ筮  ,       稢      ᪠    
ᯮ짮  ᮢ⭮  ᪮쪨  ணࠬ.     
⠪          ᪮쪮   4   ⮢   ࠭. 
      ࠭筠   ࣠      ᯮ짮 
ᮢ⭮,  ᯥ稢  २⢠    ⮤.    ⮤ 
  騬. ஢ 㤮  ਪ 
ணࠬ⮢,  ࠡ    ᪨  ᠬ,   ⮣    
࠭筠    -    ⥬ ணࠬ⮢, ࠢ 
䨧᪮ . 

                                     - 19 -
           
           
     
                ࠭⢮ ᮢ

     80386   ⨯ ᮢ:
     ᪨ (㠫);
     ᯮ⥫ (ਧ);
     䨧᪨.
     
     ᪨    砥  ᥫ    ᬥ饭.  -
ᮤন ᥣ⭮ ॣ. 饭 - 㬬 ,    
                                                              14
ᬥ饭.           ஢    16    (2  -1)
ᥫࠬ  ᬥ饭ﬨ,          ࠧ஬  
            32                                               46
4    (2  ),  ᮧ ⥬  ᠬ 饥 ࠭⢮  2  (64
)  .  ᥣ樨 ࠭᫨ ᪨  
ᯮ⥫.          ࠭筮    樨    ८ࠧ
ᯮ⥫   䨧᪨. ᫨  ࠭筮  樨
  ᯮ,    ᯮ⥫      䨧᪨.
᪨  뢠       ⠪  . ᭮
⫨稥  ०       砥  ⮬,  ᪨ 
८ࠧ  ᯮ⥫.       ᥣ樨  ᤢ
ᥫ  4     १饥 ᬥ饭.  
 ᥫ   ।    ᯮ⥫쭮  .
  ᯮ⥫쭮    ࠭      ࠭ 
(⠡      ਯ஢        ⠡    
ਯ஢).      ᯮ⥫쭮      ᮮ⢥饣
ᥫ ᪫뢠   १騬  ᬥ饭    祭
ᯮ⥫쭮 . 
                      . .2-11.
     
             ᯮ짮 ᥣ ॣ஢

     ᭮   ࣠樨  - ᥣ.
       -      ६     ( 1   
4  ),  騥  ।  ਡ.     ᭮   ⨯
ᥣ⮢ - ⥪, , .
          ⭮    ஢            襭
ந⥫쭮        ᮤঠ    㪠  
ᯮ㥬  ᥣ  ॣ. । ᥣ⭮ ॣ
ந ⮬᪨  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠡.2-4.
                    

     筮      ᥣ⭮   ॣ  㪠뢠    ⨯
ଠ樨,  樨 ன    ᯮ.  ᯮ짮
䨪   ॠ樨      ।  ᯮ㥬
ॣ,  ⮬ ᫥ FS  GS.    ᮢ  ᥣ  
ࠡ  4 ⮢ ࠭⢮ ᯮ⥫ ᮢ.  

                 ࠭⢮  - 뢮
     
     80386    ࠧ    ࠭⢠:    
/뢮. 筮  ࠧ頥   /뢮, 
 ᯮ짮  .
         ࠭⢠   ᮢ   /뢮   -   64   .
     來 ன /뢮 - 8, 16   32 . 
     ᯮ⥫    /뢮  ନ    
                                                       --
  ᥣ樨    ࠭筮  樨. 뢮 M/IO 㪠뢠
,  ன  頥  .⢨  ன
/뢮     ᯥ稢  IN  OUT १ ॣ
DL, DX  EDX.
                
.                
                                     - 21 -
                
     ____________________________________________________________
     |                                                           |
     |     /뢮     00F8H...00FFH  १ࢨ஢ |
     | ମ    Intel.   䬥᪨   ᮯ    ⠪ |
     | ࠧ    ⮬  ࠭⢥  祩   ᠬ |
     | 800000F8H...800000FCH.                                    |
     |___________________________________________________________|
     

                         뢠
     
     뢠    ᮡ  樨  ᯮ    ॠ 
譨 ᮡ, 訡  ᮡ ᫮. 뢠 - ॠ 
譨  ᮡ,     뢠 ணࠬ (INT N).  ᮡ
樨 - ॠ  訡, 騥    믮  .
뢠    ᪨㥬  ᪨㥬  ਭ 
㦨 ᫥ 襭 믮 ⥪饩 . 
     ᮡ 樨  :
     ஬  -  㦨   ।   믮      
ᮮ⢥  ⢨  㦭  ࠭    ᥣ  
(室  稢    ᪠      १᪠   믮
); 
     ஢ -   믮    ᫥      믮
; 
     訡 -       訡    饭
祭  ⥬ ⠡.
        ࠧ,   ᫥  襭  믮  ணࠬ
㦨 뢠, ணࠬ  室    
᫥饩  ࢠ.  
       ⨢  ⮬,       ணࠬ
㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮ , 맢襩 ᮡ   
 ।⥫ 䨪 . 
     80386  ࠢ  256 ࠧ묨 뢠ﬨ - ᮡ묨
ﬨ (⠡ ᮤন 256 ஢).      砥
4    (祭  ॣ  ᥣ + ᬥ饭).   
    8   ,   ᮮ⢥   ⠡   ਯ஢
뢠.    256  뢠  32  १ࢨ஢  ଠ Intel.
⠫ ᢮  ⥬ ணࠬ⮢. 
     
                     . ⠡.2-5.
     
                 ࠡ⪠ 뢠 
     
       뢠, 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     1)  ⥪饩 ணࠬ  䫠 ࠭  ⥪;
     2) 8- ⮢  㯠  80386  ।  室  
⠡  뢠;  ⠡ ᮤন 砫  ணࠬ
㦨 뢠;
     3) ⥬ 믮 ணࠬ 㦨 뢠;
     4)   IRET  ⠭      ﭨ
.
     8- ⮢   㯠  80386 ࠧ묨 ﬨ:
     ) ,
     )   INT -  ,
     )   ᮡ .
     
.                
                                     - 23 -
                
                
     ᪨㥬  ᮮ⢥  2.
     ᪨㥬  뢠.     ࠭   ᯮᮡ
     -----------------------                              __
ॠ樨  譨 ᮡ. ᫮ 뢠 - INTR = __| ,
                                                   IF = 1.
         뢠  -  ⮫쪮   믮 ᥤ 
 (  믮  ,  ࠡ    ப,     
।ᬮ७      饭ﬨ        ॠ樨  
뢠).    祭       뢠   8- 
⮢  ,  㪠뢠騩    稥 뢠 (  224 
짮⥫᪨)      믮   ᫥⥫쭮    ⢨, 
ᠭ      5.  IF  ॣ ਧ 뢠 
 室  ࠡ⪥ . ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 뢠 
 ⠭ IF  1  ࠧ । 뢠.  
IRET ⠭ IF    ﭨ,  ᮮ⢥饥  ࠭   
⥪. 
     ᪨㥬  뢠.   ᯮ      㦨
     -------------------------
ᮢ    祭  ᮪  ਮ⮬.  筮 ᯮ짮 -
                                                                 __
뢠    ய  殮  ⠭.     NMI =__|
  뢠  ஢  2        . ᫨
믮 ணࠬ 㦨 NMI,    㣨  
  ਭ      ,   㯨  IRET 
ᨣ 砫쭮 ⠭. ᫨  ६ ࠡ⪨  NMI  㯠
    NMI,         㤥 ࠡ뢠 ᫥
祭  IRET.  ࠡ⪥ NMI IF 뢠  0.
     
     ணࠬ 뢠. ⢥ 祭  INT n.
     ----------------------
ᮡ  稥  塠    INT  n   ⮢
 INT 3 (뢠  ஫쭮 窥),  ᯮ㥬  
⫠ ணࠬ. 

                2-6. ਮ 뢠

 _________________________________________________________________
 |                 |                                              |  
 | ਮ       |           뢠/ᮡ 樨         | 
 |_________________|______________________________________________|
 |                 |                                              |
 | 1  (訩)  |訡                                        |
 | 2               | ஢                           |
 | 3               |஢  ⫠ ⥪饩        |
 | 4               |஢  訡  ᫥ |
 | 5               |NMI                                           |
 | 6               | 뢠  室 INTR         |
 |_________________|______________________________________________|    

     
                          १ 

     80386  ন १    
஬.     ॡ  १᪠  ᥣ  ,  .  .
४⭮  饭 㤥 ࠭  믮 ⥪饩
     맮  ᮮ⢥饩  ணࠬ,  
砥  ॡ㥬  ࠭.  १    ࠭
ᥣ,  ᪫祭  砥:
     1)     뢠   ४祭         TSS,   
ᮮ⢥ ⢨ ࠭;

                                     - 24 -
           
           
     2)        ࠭  ࠧ頥      ⥪饣
㪠⥫ ⥪ (. .    設 ⥪)  ࠭
 饩 窮 ࠧ頥    .
     
                          訡
     
     묨   訡  뢠  砨    ᮡ
樨  ६  믮  ஬  ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨
ᮡ  樨,  襩  ࠭.    樨 ᮮ⢥
뢠 ஢ 8. 設⢮ 뢠     ਢ  
  訡  (⨯  1,  2,  3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14  16). 쪮
   (⨯ 0)  ᥣ 訡  (10,11,12,13)    
ਢ   訡.
     ⢨ ࠭    ਢ      訡.
ਬ,  ⢨  ᥣ   ࠭   ६ 
㦨  ᫥⥫쭮   ᮡ 権    
  訡.
     
                       樠
     
       ॣ  ⠭  ᫥ ﭨ.
롮 ࢮ  ந室    祩    䨧᪨  ᮬ
FFFFFFF0.   ࢮ   ᥣ⭮ 室  맮
(CALL)   20...31 ⠭   0,   ⥬   ᠬ
ᯥ稢  ࠡ     襬  䨧᪮ . 
  ࠧࠡ稪     ᯮ짮         設
䨧᪮ .
        室      78 ਮ ਨ
CLK 2.   뢠  樨  쭮 設 .  
⥬        樨,    믮
, 祬  ᨣ .  350  450 ᠬ  CLK
2 ᫥ 砭 ᨣ  稭 믮 1- .
     
            2-7. ﭨ ॣ஢ ᫥ 

  ________________________________________________________________
 |                                          |                     |
 |  ਧ                        |  U U U U 0 0 0 2    |
 |                                |  U U U U U U U 0    |
 | ⥫                          |  0 0 0 0 F F F 0    |
 |  ᥣ                        |      F 0 0 0        |
 |                             |      0 0 0 0        |
 |  ⥪                            |      0 0 0 0        |
 |  ࠪ                      |      0 0 0 0        |
 |       FS                                 |      0 0 0 0        |
 |       GS                                 |      0 0 0 0        |
 | 㣨 ॣ                          |      ।.     |
 |__________________________________________|_____________________|    

                   ਬ砭
     
     1.    14  ॣ  ਧ    ।,   16  17
⠭    0        ⠫   ਧ   (
।).
     2.    ॣ    ।塞  ⠭  0
( 0, 1, 2, 3, 31).   4  ⠭    ६  ⢨
ᨣ   ᮮ⢥⢨  ⨯ ᮯ. ᫨ ᮯ
- 80386,  4 =1,  㣨  (80287    ⢨)  -  0.
⠫   ।.
     3.   ᥣ 㤥    FFF00000 
ࠧ  0FFFF.   ⠭    १ࢨ஢ ମ
Intel    ᯮ짮.
     
.                
                                     - 25 -
                
                  ਣ
     
           ᠬ஢.  ⨪
墠뢠  ࠢ騥      設⢮  ॣ  㧫.
ਡ⥫쭮    㤮  墠祭  ᠬ⨪.
                                            __        ----
⨪  ᪠    RESET  =   |__    BUSV   =   0.

஢   ਡ⥫쭮 30  (. . 500000 
ਮ  CLK  2  16    ).   ᫥   ᠬ஢    
⢫      室    ଠ쭮  ࠡ.  ஢ઠ 
⠥ ᯥ譮, ᫨ ᮤন ॣ஢ EAX  EDX ࠢ 0.   
⨢ 砥   ࠢ. 
     80386 ⠪ ᯥ稢 堭  ஢  ன⢠
८ࠧ  (TLB)  ᮢ.    ᢮⢮,     ।,
  ࠧࠡ稪 ⮢ ணࠬ  80386.   ⮤
஢  㭨    80386   ᫥   
ᯮ짮.  ஢ TLB ॡ  ⮢  ஢,
ᠭ    몥  ᥬ. ࠢ ࠭栬    ⮬
  ⪫祭.
       ॣ  ᯮ    TLB ⮢ ஢
(TR6)   뢠 ⢥ ॠ権 (TR7) 
    

    31                12  11                                0
    _____________________|___________________________________
    |                    |  |  |- |  |- |  |- | *| *| *|  |  |
    |ᯮ⥫ |V |D |D |U |U |W |W |0 |0 |0 |C |C | TR6
    |____________________|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
    |                    | *| *| *| *| *| *| *|P |     | *| *|
    |᪨     |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |L |REP  |0 |0 | TR7
    |____________________|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|_____|__|__|

     * - १ࢬ஢ ମ Intel.
     
                .2-12. ⮢ ॣ
     
              ।⢠ প ⫠ ०
     
     80386              ᢮,          
⫠.   設⢮     ᢮  ।祭    ⫠
ணࠬ  ᯥ祭  (⨬,    Intel  㤥   ᮧ
䥪⨢  ⭮ - ணࠬ ⫠ ।, ⠪
  ICE-386  -  奬      PTM-386  -  ⫠
, 騥 ஥ ।⢠. 
     
      ⢫ ⫠ 室 ॠ 3 :
     1)  ணࠬ ஫ 祪;
     2)蠣 ०;
     3)稥 ⫠ (ᯮ⥫) ॣ஢.
     
     ⮢  뢠 (INT 3)   ஫
窨. 
     蠣  ०  ᯥ稢  ⠭  TF     ॣ
ਧ ﬨ POPF  IRET.
     ᫥  ⠭  TF  ᫥     㤥 믮
뢠.ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨  뢠   㡨ࠥ      ⥪
ᮤন ॣ ਧ ( ⠭  1 TF)  뢠
TF  0, ᯥ稢 ଠ ० ࠡ ணࠬ.
                
.                
                                     - 26 -
                
                
     뢠    蠣   ०   ᯮ      1,
ନ㥬  .
     ᫥  믮  ணࠬ      IRET  ᮤন
ॣ  ਧ  ⠭  (   ⥪)      稭
믮 ᫥  ணࠬ.
     
     ⫠ ॣ - 㭨쭠 ᮡ 80386 !

       6  ணࠬ  㯭 ॣ஢  㦨 4
ந ஫ 祪.  ⫨稥  ࠤ樮  室
ᮤন  ॣ஢    ᯮ짮  ⢥ ஫
祪  ⮫쪮  ,    ࠭. 
     ⠫쭮    ᮤন    ⫠    ॣ஢    ਢ
 .2-13.
     
     砭.
     ----------
     ᯮ⥫       ᮮ⢥⢮  䨧᪮,
᫨ 祭  ࠭筮 樨.
     DR6 ᮤন  ॣ஢ ஫ 祪.
     , ࠭  ⮬ ॣ,  ᫥騥 祭:
     BT  ⠭    1,  ᫨   ४祭  ந室
室  ,  ன TSS   DEBUG TRAP = 1.
     BS ⠭ ⫠묨 ணࠬ  ⮣,  ⮡
⫨ ० 蠣 ஢  㣨 ⫠ ०. 
     BD   ⠭  ன,  ᫨  ᫥  
頥  ⫠筮 ॣ.
     B0...B3  ⠭      ⨢樨   ᮮ⢥ 
஫  祪.  B0  ᮮ⢥  㫥 ஫쭮 窥  
.. 
     DR7 - ॣ ࠢ ⫠; ᯮ  믮
 । ࠧ ஫ 祪.    ᫥饥
祭.
     LENi- 塨⮢  ।  ஫쭮 窨 i.
      ஫ 窨   ஢:
                     塠⮢ -  ࠭栬 ᫮,
                     塠⮢ -  ࠭栬  ᫮.
                     
                     00 - ,
                     01 -  ,
                     10 -  ᯮ. ( ।),
                     11 - 4 .
     RWEi-  塨⮢  । ⨯ 㯠  , 
஬  ⨢஢ ஫쭠 窠.
     
                     00 -  롮થ ,
                     01 -   ,
                     10 -  ᯮ. ( ।),
                     11 -    뢠 .
     GE/LE   -   ॡ  쭮  (GE)    쭮  (LE) 
஫쭮 窨.  ᥣ ⠭  1   ࠡ   
ᮮ⢥騬 ஫묨 窠. 
     Gi/Li  -  祭    ஫ 祪 
(Gi=1  Li=1  i-⮩ 窨). Li-ᮮ⢥ i-⮩ ஫쭮 
窥   , Gi-  . 
       㧪  祭  ஫  祪     
ࠡ  㫥 ஢ ਢ஢   ०  PA.   
⮬  砥  㧪  ᯥ稢  MOV DRi, REG/MEM  
㪠  ᮮ⢥饣 ॣ. ⥬ 㦠   
LEN  RWE. ᫥ ⠭  Gi / Li. 
     Bi      DR6  ᥣ    뢠   ⨢஢
⯮  窨,      ,  Gi  Li  ⠭,
    㤥   믮   ⫠   ணࠬ   (
뢠 1).
     
.
                                     - 28 -
           
           
                   3.   

        祭   ⠭  /    ᨣ  ""   
室  ० ,  ᮮ⢥ ⥪  8086,  
ࠡ⠥      32-   ࠧ來묨  ॣࠬ.  堭  樨, 
࠭⢮ ᮢ , ࠢ 뢠ﬨ ⢫ 
筮 ०   80286. 
       ०  ᯮ   80386.  ࠭  
⮬ ० - 16 .  ᯥ祭    ࠡ    ⮬ 
०   32- ࠧ來묨 ࠭  ᯮ짮 ⥫ 
०  樨  室  ᯮ짮  ᯥ樠   䨪 
ॠ樨.  ஬  ⮣,  ०  ࠧ ᥣ   
  64  , .. 32- ࠧ來     , 
祬 0000FFFF. 

                    
       ०    ᨬ쭮  ᭮ ࠭⢮ - 1  ,
.. ᯮ  2...19,  BE0...BE3.    ⮬  20...31
⠭  1   ,   㤥 믮 ᥣ
室  맮 ணࠬ. ..  ०      ᯮ
࠭筠   ,      ᯮ⥫    ᮮ⢥
䨧᪮. 奬 ନ஢    ०    ਢ  
.3-1.
          15          0
          _____________
          | 饭  |
          |___________|
                |
                |_____________
                              |
     19        4  3   0       |
     _________________        |      _____________  ࠭
     |          |     |       |      |            | ______________
     ||0000 |       |      |____________|/ᥣ
     |c  |     |       |      |            |\
     |__________|_____|       |      |____________| |
         |                   \|/     |            | |
         |                   ___     | ࠭    | |
         |_________________\|   |___\|            | | ࠭
         |                 /| + |   /|____________| |
         |                  |___|    |            | | ᥣ
         |                           |            | >
         |                           |            | | ( 64  )
         |                           |            | |
         |                           |            | |
         |                           |            | |
         |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|____________|/
                                     |            | 
                                     |        |
                                     | ᥣ   |
                                     |____________|

           .3-1. 奬 ନ஢   ० 

       ᥣ  ०   室  ﭨ ,
뢠    믮. 80386 ନ  뢠  13,  ᫨
࠭   ᯮ  ࠭栬 ᥣ, . . ᫨
࠭  ᬥ饭  FFFF, ਬ,  樨 ᫮ 
訬 ⮬   FFFF  訬   0000.
                
.
                                     - 29 -
           
                
                
        ४뢠  ० . ᫨  ᥣ
 ᯮ  64      ᮢ,    㣮  ᥣ  
稭    1- 祩 ᯮ㥬  ᮢ 
ᥣ.        ணࠬ   ஢   ࠧ
䨧᪮ , ॡ㥬  ࠭ ணࠬ.
     
     
                   १ࢨ஢  ᮢ

        ᮢ,  १ࢨ஢  ० : 
⥬ 樠樨   ⠡ 뢠.
       ஢  뢠  ࠧ頥   003FF ... 
00000 (256 4- ⮢ ஢).    FFFFFFFF  ...  FFFFFFF0 
१ࢨ஢  ⥬ 樠樨. 

           
                     뢠
           ᮡ   権,   ਢ       ⠡.2-5 
 (㦤訥  2.9)  ᯮ  ० .   ⭮ 
 ᮡ 樨 10, 11, 12, 14.   ᮡ  樨  
 ᪮쪮   (. ⠡.3-1). 
     
                             3-1
     ______________________________________________________________
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |㭪         |     | 稭               |     |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |                |뢠|                       |  |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |________________|__________|_______________________|__________|
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |  ࠧ   |    8     |  INT   ᮮ-  |।| 
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |⠡ 뢠-|          |  ࠧࠬ    |   |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |             |          | ⠡               |          |
    |________________|__________|_______________________|__________|
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |뢠   |    13    | 㥬 ᫮      |।|
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |ॢ襭      |          |  ᬥ饭 FFFF   |   |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |ࠧ ᥣ|          |  믮塞 -   |          |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |                |          |  室     |          |
    |                |          |                       |          |
    |                |          | ࠭楩 ᥣ     |          |
    |________________|__________|_______________________|__________|
.
                                     - 30 -
           
           
     
                  ᠭ  ⠭
      祭    HLT    ४頥  믮
ணࠬ    ᢮    設.  NMI, INTR  (
IF=1)   RESET 뢮   ﭨ  ⠭.    ⮬
ᨣ    室  뢠  "⮫"    믮
᫥饩 .
      ०  ᠭ    :
     1) 뢠 (ᮡ 樨 8  13)     ,
祬   ࠧ   ⠡  ஢  뢠,  .  .  
ணࠬ ࠡ⪨  뢠;
     2)  CALL,  INT    PUSH        ।
⥪  ᥣ,   㪠⥫  ⥪  ।  (ਬ,
 ⪠    ⥪,  ᫨  SP=0001    १饥
祭 ⥪ ᥣ , 祬 FFFF).
     NMI  室    뢥      ᠭ,  ᫨
⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠 筮  ,  ⮡  ࠭
  뢠  NMI  (   000F)  ⥪  
ࠧ  ࠭ ஢  ਧ (.  .  SP  ,  祬
0005).    ⨢  砥    ᠭ    ⮫쪮 
 ᨣ RESET.
     
.
                                     - 31 -
           
           
                                     
           
                 4.   ( )
     
                 4.1.
     
      80386 ᯮ , ᫨   ࠡ⠥  
०  .    ⮬  ०  ࠭⢮  ᯮ⥫  ᮢ
                           32
   4   (2  ),    㠫  ᮢ
                    46 
-    64    (2  ), .. ࠪ᪨   ࠭祭. ஬
⮣,    ०         믮   ணࠬ,
ࠧࠡ⠭     8086    80286    ᯮ짮  ᯥ樠
堭 ࠢ      ⭮  ঠ  ।
  .        ᯮ짮  ⥫
, ᯥ樠쭮  ⨬஢   প  
樮 ⥬. ᭮  ⫨稥  ०   ०  (RM)
c⮨  ७ ᭮ ࠭⢠  ᯮ짮  㣨
堭 樨.
     
                 4.2.堭 (奬) 樨
     
       ०  RM  ०   ନ஢ ᯮ⥫쭮
   :
     16-  ⮢  ᥫ,  ᯮ㥬  ।  
 ᥣ  32- ⮢ 䥪⨢ . 
     ନ஢   ᯮ⥫        䨧᪨ 
ᮬ, ᫨   ᯮ  堭  ࠭筮  樨.   
⨢  砥,    ८ࠧ    䨧᪨.   
०   RM 砥  ᫥  ᥣ.    ०   
ᥫ ᯮ,  , 㪠뢠騩 樮 ⥬ 
 ।   ᯥ樠쭮  ⠡,      饭 
32- ⮢           ᥣ.  ᪨   
ନ ᫮    32- ⮢ ᬥ饭. 
                          .4-1.
     ࠭筠    ⥫ 堭
ࠢ  , ᯮ㥬 ⮫쪮  ० .  堭
 ८ࠧ뢠 ᯮ⥫   䨧᪨.
                          .4-2.
     
                 4.3.

                 4.3.1.

      -       ⮤  ࠢ  .   
  ᭮  .  - ᠬ⥫  
, 騥 ᮡ⢥ ਡ. ਬ,    ᥣ   
ࠧ    ணࠬ    ⠡ 樮 ⥬.  
ଠ   ᥣ      8-  ⮢  , 
뢠  ਯ஬.    ਯ  ࠭   ⭮ 
ॠ㥬 ⠡.      ----------------------------------------
--------------------

                 4.3.2.ନ,    ᯮ㥬         ᠭ 
                       ਯ஢, ஢ ਢ஢   
                       . 
     
     PL.  ஢  ਢ஢  -       4-   ஢ 
ਢ஢.  ਢ஢ ஢ 0,  
- 3. 
     
     RPL. 訢   ஢   ਢ஢  -  ஢
ਢ஢  ⭮   砥   ᥫ.   RPL
।  訬 ⠬ ᥫ.

                                     - 34 -
           
          
                
     DPL. ஢  ਢ஢ ਯ  -    訩
஢  ਢ஢,     ,  
  ਯ  (  易   ᥣ).  DPL  ।
⠬ 6  5 . 
    
     CPL.    騩    ஢   ਢ஢   -   ஢ 
ਢ஢,   ⥪ 믮塞  .   
ࠢ  ஢  ਢ஢  믮塞  ᥣ. 
CPL   ⠪ ।  ஢મ      ⮢  CS 
ॣ, 砥  ᮮ⢥  ᥣ⮢. 
     
     EPL. 䥪⨢  ਢ஢   ஢   -   訩
஢  RPL  DPL, .. ஢ ᨬ  RPL  DPL.
     
      () - ᮢ㯭 믮塞 ணࠬ.
     
     
                 4.3.3. ਯ஢

     .    ਯ஢  ।      ᥣ,
 ᯮ  ⥬   80386.
       ⨯ ⠡:
     1) ⠡  ਯ஢;
     2) ⠡  ਯ஢;
     3) ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠.
         ⠡  ࠭    ᢮    
ࠧ  8   64 .  ⠡  ᮤঠ   8
8-   ਯ஢. 訥 13  ᥫ ᯮ 
⢥  ਯ୮ ⠡.   饭    ⠡栬
    ᯥ樠    ॣ,    ࠭騥    32-     ⮢
ᯮ⥫   16 ⮢ ࠭  ⠡.
                        .4-3.
     
      ॣ GDTR, LDTR   IDTR  㦠    LGDT,
LLDT,  LIDT  ࠭. SGDT, SLDT  SIDT.  ⠡栬
⢫ 樮 ⥬     ਢ஢
.
                 4.3.3.2.  ਯ஢
       ⠡  (GDT)  ᮤন  ਯ, 㯭  
 ⥬. GDT  ᮤঠ  ਯ  ᥣ⮢  
᪫祭 ਯ஢, ᯮ㥬  㦨 뢠.
筮 GDT ᮤন ᥣ    ,  ᯮ㥬    
ਯ    ⠡   LDT. ࢮ    GDT   ᮮ⢥
騩 ᥫ,   ᯮ.
     
                 4.3.3.3.  ਯ஢
       LDT   ᮤন  ਯ,  ᯮ㥬    
.  筮    ࠧࠡ뢠  ⠪  ࠧ,  ⮡ 
  ⤥ LDT. LDT  ᮤঠ ⮫쪮  ਯ
,  ,  ⥪,    맮 .  LDT
㦠 堭  樨 ᥣ⮢     ⤥
    ,     ६,   GDT ࠭ ਯ ᥣ⮢,
 騬   .        㯥
,  ᫨    ਯ   ⥪饩  LDT  
GTR.  ᯥ稢  ᥣ⮢            ६,

                                     - 36 -
           
           
ᮢ⭮  ᯮ짮    ࠧ묨 砬. 
⫨稥  6-  ⮢  GDT    IDT  ॣ஢,    ࠭
      ࠭⥫,    ॣ LDT ࠭
⮫쪮 16 ⮢ ᥫ.  ᥫ । ਯ LDT
 GDT.
     
                 4.3.3.4. ਯ஢ 뢠
     
     IDT    ᮤন   ਯ   㪠뢠   ᯮ   256
ணࠬ  㦨  뢠.  IDT    ࠭  ⮫쪮
 ,  뢠   ஢. IDT 
  , 祬  256  ⮢,  ⮡  ࠭  ਯ  32
뢠,   १ࢨ஢   .   Intel.     뢠,
ᯮ㥬  ⥬,   ᠭ  IDT. IDT ᯮ
  믮    INT,  譨 ᮢ 뢠  ᮡ
.
     
                     
     
                 4.3.4.ਯ
                 
                 4.3.4.1.  ਡ⮢ ਯ

     ꥪ,    㪠뢠  ᥫ  ᥣ,  뢠
ਯ஬. ਯ஬   뢠  8-   ⭠   稭,
। ਡ   ᯮ⥫  ᮢ,  ..
ᥣ.    ਡ  32- ⮢  ᯮ⥫쭮
 ᥣ, 20-  ⮢ ,  ⠪ ,    
    ᥣ  (࠭    ),  ஢  ,
஢ ⥭,   믮, ⨯ ᥣ    ࠭
(16    32).   ଠ  ਡ ᥣ 祭  12
 ਯ ᥣ.
                  
     
      ᥣ 80386  3  :
     P, DPL, S (.   .4-5).
     
                 4.3.4.2.ਯ    (S=1)
                ___________________________________________

     ଠ  ⠪  ਯ     ࠢ 㯠 ਢ 
.4-6  ⠡.4-1 ᮮ⢥⢥.
     
                     
     ਯ ᥣ⮢       ᪮쪮  
: A, G.
       -  ᯮ   祭 ⨪  饭
  ᥣ. 
     G -   㪠뢠  稭,      㪠뢠  ࠧ
ᥣ.    ᥣ    1  (G=0, . .   
                                                      20
)  4  (G=1, ..     ࠭ - 2  ࠭  
4  ).
     ⥬      80386    ᥣ  ⮢
ࠧ୮, ⠪   ࠭筮 ࠧ୮, ᫨  祭  
࠭筮 樨. 
         㪠뢠,   ᥣ⮢  믮:   
(E=1, S=1)   (E=0, S=1).
       ᥣ    室  ⠤ ⮫쪮  믮  
(  R=0)   믮/⥭ (R=1).      ᥣ
 .

                                     - 40 -
           
           
     砭.
       ᥣ    ,१  諥   
(⪨).   ⪨   ਯ뢠    ᥣ⠬    ,     
ᯮ   ஬ ࠭⢥ ᯮ⥫ ᮢ,  
ᥣ . 
      D 㪠뢠 ࠧ୮ ࠭    䥪⨢  ᮢ  
(32      D=1,  16     D=0).       믮
  80286.
     㣨 ਡ⮬ ᥣ⮢    ᮣᮢ .
   =1   ᮣᮢ   ᥣ    믮    ०
ࠧ     ணࠬ,     騬      ࠧ      ஢
ਢ஢.
     ,   ।塞      ᥣ    (E=0, S=1),
    ⨯:  ᥣ  ⥪    ᥣ  .  
ࠢ ७  (ED)  । ⨯ ᥣ. ᫨ ᥣ
⥪,  ᬥ饭   , 祬 ࠭ ᥣ. 
ᥣ    ᬥ饭         ࠢ ࠭
ᥣ.  㣨 ᫮,  ᥣ   ⥪  稭    
ᯮ⥫쭮      +   ᨬ쭮   ࠧ  ᥣ  
ࠧ  ஭ 㬥襭   ᯮ⥫쭮    +
࠭.    稭   ᯮ⥫쭮  
砥 ࠭楩 ᥣ. 
       W ࠢ   ᥣ.    W=0  ᥣ
  ࠡ  ⮫쪮   ⥭. ⥪ ᥣ  
W=1.
      B 㪠뢠 ࠧ୮ ॣ - 㪠⥫  ⥪.  ᫨
=1,    ESP ࠡ⠥    32- ⮢ ॣ   ࠭
⥪ FFFFFFFF. ᫨ =0 -   ࠡ  ⥪  ᯮ
SP (16 ⮢)   ࠭ ⥪ FFFF.
     
                 
                 4.3.4.3.ଠ ⥬ ਯ஢
     
       ਯ  ᮤঠ  ଠ    ⥬ ⠡,
  ஫. ⥬ ਯ 80386    32  ࠧ來
  20 ⮢ ࠭, ⥬ ਯ 80286 ᮮ⢥
24  16  (訥 16  ࠢ 0).
                         .4-7.
     
                 4.3.4.4.ਯ LDT (S=0, TYPE=2) 
               _______________________________________
     
     ਯ  LDT  ᮤঠ  ଠ    ⠡  
ਯ஢.     ਯ஢ ᮤন ਯ
ᥣ⮢,  ᯮ㥬  ⭮  祩.      㧪
ॣ  LDT      㫥  ஢  ਢ஢ 
( DPL ).
     
                 4.3.4.5.ਯ TSS (S=0, TYPE = 1, 3, 9, B)
                __________________________________________________

     ਯ ᥣ ﭨ    ᮤন  ଠ  
⮭宦,  ࠧ    ஢  ਢ஢  ᥣ
ﭨ    (TSS).  TSS  -  ᥣ   ᯥ樠쭮  ଠ,
  ᮤন    室  ଠ       ,
ᯥ稢饥     ᮡ.    TYPE  㪠뢠  
⥪   ᯮ塞     (  楯窨  ⨢  )  
㯭 TSS.  TYPE ⠪ 㪠뢠, ᯮ   TSS  
  286    386.      (TR) ࠭  ᥫ,  
㪠뢠 ⥪騩 TSS.
                

                                     - 42 -
           
           
                 4.3.4.6.ਯ  (S=0, TYPE=4-7, C, F)
                __________________________________________________
     
      ᯮ    ࠢ  㯮    ।
窠  ࠢ饣  ᥣ.
     :
     1)  맮;
     2)  ;
     3)  뢠;
     4)  ஢.
       ॠ 樯   ⢨     ࠢ 
।祩      筨    ਥ.    ⢨ 
  ⮬᪨  ஢  .    ⠪   
஥஢騪  ⥬  ࠢ 窠  .  맮 
ᯮ   ஢ ਢ஢.   
ᯮ      ४祭   ,      뢠   
஢  ᯮ    ।  ᯥ樠   ணࠬ 
㦨   뢠.  .4-8  뢠  ଠ  4-  ⨯ 
ਯ஢ . 
                     .4-8.

 맮,   ࠧ, ᯮ  । ࠢ
ணࠬ   ᮪ ஢ ਢ஢.  ਯ
 맮 ᮤন 3 :
     1)  㯠;
     2) 㪠⥫   (ᥫ    ᬥ饭),  㪠뢠
砫 ணࠬ;
     3) 稪   ᫮,   ।騩    ⢮    ࠬ஢,
।    ⥪  뢠饩  ணࠬ    ⥪  뢠
ணࠬ.
       稪  ᫮  ᯮ  ⮫쪮      뢠,
    ஢  ਢ஢,  ⠫  ⨯
  .
       뢠    ஢  ᯮ    ᥫ
祭    ᬥ饭  祭 ਯ  㪠 砫
ணࠬ ࠢ 뢠   ஢.    
  뢠     ஢  砥  ⮬, 
 뢠 몫砥  뢠  (뢠    IF)    
६,   ஢ .
       ᯮ  ४祭 .     
    ⮫쪮  ᥣ ﭨ  (TSS), ⮬ 
ᯮ ⮫쪮 ᥫୠ   ᬥ饭 . 
     뢠 13 ନ,  ᥫ 祭 㪠뢠
 ४ ⨯ ਯ.
     ଠ   ࠢ  㯠      ਯ஢   
.  =1 - 㪠뢠  ,   . =0 -  , 
 ⮬, ᫨ 室, ନ 뢠 11. DPL 㪠뢠 
஢  ਢ஢    㪠뢠,      
ਯ  ᯮ짮 祩 (. 4.4).    4    S 
    ࠢ  0    ⥬  ᠬ 㪠뢠,   ਯ 
ࠢ ⥬. 
     
                 4.3.4.7.   ਯࠬ 386  286
     
        ᯥ祭   ᮢ⨬     386  ন  
ਯ ᥣ⮢ 286. .4-9  뢠  ଠ  ਯ
⥬ ᥣ 80286.

                                     - 44 -
           
           

       ⮫쪮:
     1) ࠧ୮  TYPE,
     2)  ࠧ୮   ࠭ (80286 - 24  16; 80386 - 32 
20).
                         
     
      ⠭  0 ࠧ冷  襣  ᫮  ਯ
  ⮬᪨  ।,     ணࠬ (ࠧ砥
⨯ ).
     㣮 ࠧ稥    286    386  砥    ࠧ筮 
樨    稪 ᫮   맮   B.   
稪 ᫮ 㪠뢠 ⢮ 16- ⮢ ᫮   286   
32-  ⮢    386.    B  㪠뢠   ࠧ  
ࠧ୮ ଠ樨  믮  PUSH. 
     
                 4.3.4.8. ᥫ
       ०   3 :
     1) LDT  GDT (TI);
     2)ᬥ饭 ()  ⠡ ਯ஢;
     3)஢ ਢ஢ (RPL).
                     .4-10.
     
      TI 㪠뢠     ⠡.   롨ࠥ
  8 ਯ஢  ⠡ ਯ஢.
       RPL  ᯥ稢  ᮪᪮  ஢  ਡ⮢
ਢ஢ ᥫ.
     
     
                 4.3.4.9. -   ਯ஢ ᥣ⮢
        稭 ᥫ    ᥣ  ॣ 
  易   ॣ ( ) ਯ ᥣ.  
ந室  ᮤন ᥣ⭮ ॣ, 8-  
ਯ,    易        ⨬   ᥫ஬,   ⮬᪨ 
९뢠  .  ଠ ᯮ   , 
      ॡ       㣮  ᥣ.  ন 
ਯ  ॣ஢  ணࠬ   㯭   (    
ணࠬ⮢).    ணࠬ    ਯ ⠡, 
࠭  , 室 ⢫ १㧪 ਯ 
ॣ஢. 
     
                 4.3.4.10.ଠ ॣ஢ ਯ஢
     
     ন   ॣ஢   ० ࠡ . ଠ
ॣ஢    ०  RM  ਢ    .4-11.
       ᯥ祭  ᮢ⨬    ⥪ன   8086    
⠭   祭 16- ⠪⮢  ᮮ⢥⢨  祭 
ᥫ,  ࠭  䨪஢    ࠢ  0000FFFF,     ਡ 
ᮮ⢥           㯭  ᥣ.     
७ ஢ ਢ஢  ᥣ  ᨬ  (=0), 
⮬     - 뢮  㣨 ਢ஢  
 믮. 
     ଠ ॣ஢  ०  ।⠢  .4-12.
       祭     ।   ᮤন   ਯ
ᥣ ஢ ᥫ஬.
     ଠ  ॣ  ०    㠫쭮  8086 ਢ   
.4-13.
       ⫨稥     ०   RM   㠫쭠   ணࠬ   
    ஢    ਢ஢   (=3),   ᯥ稢
஢      IOPL           㫥   ஢
ਢ஢.

                                     - 49 -
           
           
                          4.4. 
     
                         ਭ樯 
     
     80386  4  ஢ , ᯥ稢 ⥬ ᠬ ॡ
筮 ,       짮⥫᪨  ணࠬ
    㣠      . ࠢ ஢ﬨ ਢ஢
⢫  ਢ஢묨  ,      -
뢮  㯮  ᥣ⠬  ᥣ ਯࠬ. 
        ⫨稥      ࠤ樮       ⥬,      
ᯥ稢   譨   ணࠬ  ।,
80386  ᯥ稢      [७]  饣  
ࠢ . 80386 ᯥ稢 ⥫  ⨯  ,
᫨ 祭 ० ࠭筮 樨.       

                   4.4.3.஢ ਢ஢
     
                   4.4.3.1.ਢ஢ 
     
        ६   80386 믮     
4-      ஢      ਢ஢.      騩     ஢ 
ਢ஢ (CPL)         ⮫쪮   
ࠢ   ।祩    ᥣ⮢    ࠧ묨  ஢ﬨ 
ਢ஢  १   ਯ .
      ࠧ, ਪ ணࠬ, 믮塞  ஢  3,
 뢠 ணࠬ    ஢  1 (१ ),  
᢮    ஢  CPL = 1   ,  ணࠬ  
 ᢮ ࠡ.
     
     
                 4.4.3.2.ਢ஢ ᥫ (RPL)
     
      ஢ ਢ஢ ᥫ ।  RPL. 
RPL -     ᥫ. RPL ᯮ  ⮫쪮 
      ⥫쭮 ஢ ਢ஢, 祬 
CPL ᯮ㥬 ᥣ.    ஢  뢠  䥪⨢ 
(騬)   ஢   ਢ஢     (EPL).  EPL 
।,    㤥  襥   祭   (䬥᪮ 
㢥祭)  ஢  ਢ஢    ஢    RPL 
ᥫ.  ࠧ, ᫨ RPL ᥫ =  0,    CPL  ᥣ 
।  ஢  ਢ஢  ।⠢ 㯠 
ᯮ㥬 ᥫ.    㣮  ஭,  ᫨  RPL  =  3,   
ᥫ         ⮫쪮    ᥣ⠬  ஢  3 
ᨬ  CPL . 
       饬  砥  RPL  ᯮ   ⢥ 㪠⥫ 
楤      㯭        ᮪   ஢
ਢ஢, 祬 ஢ 楤.
      ࠧ,  ନ஢ ᥫ   
祭 RPL    Adjust RPL (ARPL).
     
                4.4.3.3.ਢ஢  - 뢮
     
     ஢ ਢ஢  - 뢮 (IOPL) ᮮ⢥ 
CPL=0,  . 뢠 13    ,   
CPL   ਢ஢, 祬 IOPL. 
     IOPL     (࠭)      13    14  ॣ
ਧ.
     , 뢠騥 뢠 13 (᫨ CPL , 祬 IOPL): 
     IN, INS, OUT, OUTS, STI, CLI, 䨪 LOCK.
.
                                     - 50 -
           
     
                4.4.3.4.⮢୮ ਢ஢
     
     80386  ᪮쪮   ண ஫  㪠⥫
    ⥬  ।⢠    । 祭 ᥫ,
ᮮ⢥饣 ॡ㥬 ᥣ.
      ⠡.4-2 ਢ 楤, 㤮⮢騥 ᥫ.

      ஢ન 㪠⥫                       .4-2
     
__________________________________________________________________
         |         |                                              |
  |࠭ |믮塞 ⢨                          |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|     
         |         |                                              |
 ARPL    |,|⠭ ॡ㥬 ஢ ਢ஢-   |     
         |ॣ  |: ⠭ RPL ᥫ  -   |
         |         |쭮 祭  RPL ⥪饣 ᥫ   |
         |         |RPL ॣ. ⠭ 䫠 , ᫨   |
         |         |RPL .                               |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|
         |         |                                              |
 VERR    | |஢ઠ  ⥭: ⠭ 䫠 ,  |
         |         |᫨ ᥣ,   㪠뢠 ᥫ,  |
         |         |  ⠭.                          |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|
         |         |                                              |
 VERW    | |  ᠬ                           |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|
         |         |                                              |
 LSL     |, |㧪 ࠭ ᥣ: ⠥ ࠭ ᥣ-|
         |ᥫ |  ॣ, ᫨ ࠢ ਢ஢- |
         |         |  ⨯ ਯ ᮡ.  ⮬    |
         |         |砥, ⠭ 䫠 .              |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|
         |         |                                              |
 LAR     |, |㧪 ࠢ 㯠:⠥  ࠢ 㯠|
         |ᥫ |ਯ  ॣ, ᫨ ࠢ ਢ-|
         |         |஢ ᮡ.  ⮬ 砥 ⠭-|
         |         | 䫠 .                               |
_________|_________|______________________________________________|

     
       ஢ઠ  㪠⥫  蠥     ஡   -    
짮⥫  PL = 3 맢 ணࠬ 樮 ⥬  PL=0 
      宬  㪠⥫  ᪠      , 
ਭ  樮  ⥬.  ᫨ ணࠬ  ᯮ 
ARPL ,  ࠭,  RPL ᥫ    訩 
஢  ਢ஢,  祬  ,    뢠  ஡ 
८. 
     
                4.4.3.5.   ਯ஢
     
       ᭮  㯠   ᥣ⠬:     
ᥣ⠬   (   ।   ࠢ)      ᥣ⠬  . 
㯭 ᥣ ।  ⨯ ᯮ㥬  , 
⨯ ਯ  CPL, RPL  DPL (. ). 


                                     - 52 -
           
       믮    㧪  ॣ஢  ᥣ⮢  
(DS,ES, FS, GS) 80386 ஢ ⮢୮      ᫥饩 
᫥⥫쭮:  
     1)  뢠 ᥣ 騬 ( ⮬ 砥- 
뢠 11); 
     2)ࠢ쭮  ᥫ 㪠뢠 ⨯ ᥣ.
     
     , 㦠  DS,  ES,  FS    GS  ॣ  
뫠  ⮫쪮    ᥣ     ࠧ襭  ⥭
ᥣ  (). ࠢ 㯠   ਢ  4.3.2.
     ⢥  ᪫祭       ࠢ   -   ᮣᮢ
ࠧ襭    ⥭    ᥣ,  㯭   
஢ ਢ஢. 
         祭   ஢      ஢ઠ       ⮢୮
ਢ஢. CPL ࠢ    EPL  ,  ᫨  EPL  
ਢ஢, 祬 CPL,  뢠 13  (訡  饩
).
     ࠢ,    騥   ⥪   ᥣ,   ⥫쭮 
⫨    ࠢ,    ᥣ⮢   .   , 
㦠騥  ᥫ    SS,   ᮮ⢥⢮ ਯࠬ 
ᥣ⮢  ,  ࠧ襭    .  DPL    RPL    
ࠢ  CPL.    㣨 ⨯ ਯ஢  襭 ஢ 
ਢ஢ 뢠 뢠 13. 
     ⢨ ⥪ (⥪ ᥣ) 뢠 뢠  12. 
⨬,    뢠  11  ᯮ   ⢨  
ᥣ⮢  ᥣ⮢ . 
     
                 4.4.4.  ⮬ ஢ ਢ஢
     
     ᥣ  ।  ࠢ  ந室  ⮣,  
ᥫ   㦠    CS  ॣ.    筮  ⥬  ⠪
४祭   १⮬  맮    室  
㣮  ணࠬ.    5  ⨯  । ࠢ, 
ਢ  ⠡.4-3.
        ।  ⢫      ஢ 
ਢ஢.   ஢ ਢ஢  
⮫쪮   ।  ࠢ,  ᯮ    ४祭 
,    뢠        ஢.   ।   ࠢ 
⢫ ⮫쪮    ⮬  砥,  ᫨  㦠  ᥫ 
뫠 (㪠뢠)  ࠢ ⨯ ਯ.  訡  
ࠢ ᯮ짮 ਯ  㤥  뢠  뢠  13 
(ਬ,  JMP      맮  IRET  筮 ணࠬ 
맮). 
                                                      

      ᯥ祭   ᥪ⭮    ⥬    ।
ࠢ  믮  ᫥騬 ࠢ:
     ।  (室)     ஢ﬨ     ⢫
⮫쪮 १ ;
      JMP  믮   ᥣ   ⠪  
஢ ਢ஢;
       CALL   믮   ᥣ  ⠪ 
஢   ਢ஢        १            
ਢ஢ ஢;
     뢠,     ࠡ뢠         ,    
ᮮ⢥⢮ ࠢ ਢ஢,   
CALL;
     뢠  ᥣ 㯭 ਢ஢ ஢
 ⠪    ஢, 祬 DPL 뢠 ᥣ;
     RPL ᥫ 室  㪠뢠饣    CPL  
 ࠢ   ਢ஢, 祬 DPL ;

                                     - 54 -
           
           
       ᥣ,  롨ࠥ   ,    ⠪ 
  ਢ஢, 祬 CPL ;
      ,  易   ४祭  ,  
⮫쪮  ࠢ  ⮬       ᥣ  ⠪  
 ਮ  ஢;
     ४祭   ॠ    CALL,
JMP   INT,  㪠뢠    ,   ᥣ
ﭨ , DPL   ਢ஢    
஢ ਢ஢,   CPL ன .
       ।  ࠢ,    CPL    , 
뢠       ⥪   -   ᫥⢨      ஢ 
ਢ஢. ࢮ砫 祭 SS:  ESP    ஢ 
ਢ஢  0, 1  2 ࠭  ᥣ ﭨ  
(. 4.4.6).  । ࠢ JMP  CALL   㪠⥫ 
⥪ 㦠  SS  ESP ॣ,  ।騩 㪠⥫ ⥪ 
㡨ࠥ   ⥪. 
               ࢮ砫쭮    (室)    ஢ 
ਢ஢   ந室  १  ⥪     
ਢ஢ ஢,   믮  RET  IRET. 
       맮  ணࠬ    ।騬      ⥪
ந室  ।  ࠬ஢  䨪஢  ⢮   ᫮
(㪠뢠   稪 ᫮ ). 
        ᥣ⭮      (RET)     ⠭
(䨪஢)  稭  ⥪    ࠢ쭮  १ 
।騩 㪠⥫ ⥪   .
     
                  4.4.5.  맮
     
       ᯥ稢        ᢥ   맮. 
᭮   祭     -  ᯥ    堭 
  ஢  ਢ஢    .  ..    
।      ⥬,   ࠭,    
ᯥ 室 ⮫쪮  ⢮ । () 楤 
(⠪  ࠢ   /뢮). 
     ਯ  ᫥    ᮡ ࠢ ਢ஢
㯠  ;    㯭 , ᫨ EPL  ࠢ
    ਢ஢,  祬 DPL ਯ .  ⠪
᫥      ᮡ   ࠢ   ਢ஢   ।
ࠢ      ।  ࠢ  ⮫쪮    
ਢ஢ ஢. 
       맮  뢠    CALL      ᨭ⠪᪨
 맮 筮 ணࠬ. 
      ⨢    맮    ஢  室
 , 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     1)㦠   CS: ESP ஢  ࠢ쭮;
     2)SS  ﬨ  32-   㡨ࠥ  ⥪;
     3)ESP 㡨ࠥ  ⥪;
     4)32- ⮢ ࠬ ( WORD COUNT -  )     
ண ⥪  ; 
     5)㡨ࠥ  ⥪  .
     楤 䨪樨  (ॠ樨)    맮     
80286  ⫨砥  ᠭ  ⥬,  ࠡ ந室  16 
⮢묨 ࠬࠬ. 
      뢠  ஢ ࠡ ਬ୮ ⠪,  
⮬      ࠬ.    뢠 
஢ 砥  ⮬,    ।  ࠢ  १
  뢠  ந室      0  ਣ  IF   ॣ
ਧ,    ஢ - .
     

                                     - 55 -
           
                
                    4.4.6. ४祭 
           
     祭                        ਡ⮬              
/짮⥫᪨            
ண  ४祭    砬      ᠬ.   80386 
।⢥  ন  ⠪ ࠡ, ᯥ稢  
ॠ     ४祭   .   ४祭   , 
饥    ⥪饣  ﭨ  設 ( ॣ, 
᭮ ࠭⢮    裡    ।饩  祩),  㧪 
  ﭨ, ஢   砫 믮   
⢫  17 .  । ࠢ १  , 
   ४祭      뢠   믮    
ᥣ 室 JMP  CALL,   㪠뢠    ᥣ 
ﭨ    (TSS)  ਯ    GDT  LDT. 
 INT n, ᮡ 樨, ஢    뢠 
  ⠪  뢠  ४祭  ,  ᫨ ਯ  
 ᮮ⢥ IDT ਯ. 
     
                                                      .4-15
                                                      .4-16

     TSS ਯ 㪠뢠  ᥣ (. .4-15), ᮤঠ騩 
⥪饥 ﭨ 80386, ⮣  ਯ   ᮤন 
ᥫ TSS. 
     80386 ন TSS   80386 ⠪  80286 (  .4-16 
ਢ  TSS  286).  ࠭ TSS 386   , 祬 0064H 
(002BH  286 TSS),     ।  4  .      TSS 
࠭    ᢮      ࠭  ⥫쭮 
ଠ樨, ⠪  稭 몫祭 , ६,  뤥 
,   䠩 ॡ㥬 . 
             TSS.  饥  TSS   । 
ᯥ樠 ॣ, 뢠 " ᥣ ﭨ " 
(TR).    ॣ  ࠭  ᥫ,   㪠뢠騩   ਯ, 
ᮮ⢥騩 ⥪饬 TSS. 
        ࠭, 易   TR,  १㦠  
१㧪 TR.
           ⢫    IRET,   ⮬ 
। ࠢ ࠭ ࢠ  .  ﭨ  ⥪饩 
믮塞      TSS,  ﭨ ।饩  
⠭  TSS. 
     ᪮쪮  ॣ  ਧ    ᫮  ﭨ  設 
(CRO)  ᯮ      ⢥  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨   
ﭨ  .  "  "  (   14      ॣ 
ਧ)  ࠢ  믮   IRET. ᫨ NT = 0, IRET 
ᯥ稢 ଠ   ।饩  (४祭  
  ). 
      NT ⠭  뢠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
       CALL  INT 樠 ४祭 ,
 TSS 㤥       TSS  
ᥫ  ண  TSS.  NT       ⠭  1
 CALL  INT, ४騬 .
     뢠,      ⢫饥  ४祭  ,  㤥 
뢠 NT  0 (NT  㤥 ⠭ ᫥  믮 
ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨ 뢠). NT  ⠪  ⠭ 
 襭  POPF  IRET. 
     TSS  386     ⨯ ਯ   
9H    BH  (  286  -    1    3).  ᯮ짮  ᥫ, 
뫠饣   TSS, 뢠 뢠 13. 
      17 (VM)  ᯮ    㪠    ⮬,     
믮    ०  㠫쭮  8086.  ᫨ VM = 1,   
ᯮ 堭 樨 RM. । 㠫쭮 8086 ᮧ 
     
 
                                     - 58 -
           
           
  ࠧ蠥  ⮫쪮   ४祭  (. ࠧ 4.6). 
ﭨ   ᮯ஢   ⮬᪨      ࠭     
४祭 , ⠪  뢠    ᯮ짮 
ᮯ. 
      ४祭  TS ( 3    ॣ  CRO)   
      ﭨ  ᮯ   筮 ।. 
४    386  ⠭  TS  .  386   । 
砫, ᯮ   祭   ᮯ஢ 
 㪠   ⨬ 뢠 7. ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 
뢠  7  ⥬  蠥,    ࠧ  ࠭  ﭨ 
ᮯ. 
     뢠 7   㤥  ନ஢    믮   
ESCAPE     WAIT,  ᫨    TS    MP  (  ᮯ) 
⠭  1. 
     T      TSS  㪠뢠    ,   386  ନ஢
뢠  ० ⫠  ४祭 .
      T = 1  室    ନ 뢠 1.
     
     
               4.4.7.樠  室  ० 
 
     ᪮   386   稭   㭪樮஢      ०   RM 
।⢥   ᫥   ,    室  樠஢ 
()   ⥬   ⠡      ॣ   ᮮ⢥騬
稭. 
     GDT  IDT ॣ  㪠뢠 ࠢ GDT  IDT.  IDT 
          256 ⮢,  GDT  ᮤঠ 
ਯ    砫  ᥣ⮢      .  .4-17 
뢠  ⠡,    .4-18  -  ਯ,  室  
⨯ ⥬  386  ० .  㭪     
ᥣ     /⥪  ࠧ஬ 4    ஢ 
ਢ஢ PL = 0. 
     ᭮ ⮤ 祭  ० - 㧪 CRO  ⠭
 PE    MOV CRO, R/M.
     ᫥   祭   ०         ᫥    
ᥣ⭮  室 JMP, 㦠 CS ॣ   
। 㥬   (騩).  ⥫  蠣  - 
㧪    ᥣ⮢  ॣ஢    稭  砫 
ᥫ஢. 
     㣮  室 祭 ० , ᯥ樠쭮 ।祭 
  , 砥    ४⥫  
㧪  ॣ஢. 
      ⮬ 砥  GDT  㤥  ᮤঠ    TSS  ਯ  
    ਯࠬ      ,  ॡ㥬  ࢮ
.
     ࢠ  JMP  ०  㤥 室  TSS, 뢠 
४祭   㦠  ॣ 稭, ࠭묨  
TSS.    TSS      ⠭      ᮮ⢥⢨    
ਯ஬  饣 TSS, .. ४⥫  ࠭ 
ﭨ ⥪饩   TSS. 
     

                                     - 60 -
           
           
              4.4.8.।⢠    ஥   饭  ⥬ 
     
         ⮣,   ⮡      ஥஢   饭 
 ⥬, ଠ Intel ।⠢  ।⢮,  ஥ 
ᯥ稢  ࠧࠡ稪  ⥬ ⮩ ⮤ ᮧ  
, 室  ⥬  ᭮ 80386, ࠡ  ० 
.    -  BLD-386. BLD-386  ࠧࠡ稪  । 
 ਯ ᥣ⮢, 㦤訥   ।  ࠧ   
 몮 ᮪ ஢. 
     
     
                    4.5. 
 
          4.5.1. ਭ樯 ࠭筮 樨
     
     ࠭筠  - ୠ⨢ ⨯ ࠢ  ,
  㠫쭮   .
      ⫨稥  ᥣ樨,  ࠧ ணࠬ   
  ᥣ  ந쭮  ,   ࠭筠       
ணࠬ  ⢮ ࠭  ࠧ. 
     ࠭       אַ  裡    ᪮  ன 
ணࠬ.         ६,      ᥣ   ᥫ     
ᬠਢ      ᪨  "" ணࠬ  㫥   
  ,  ࠭  㪠뢠  ⮫쪮        
  .  २⢮  ࠭筮  ࣠樨  
 ࠭  ᭮  ⮫쪮 讣 ⢠ 
࠭, ॡ㥬   ⨢㥬 . 
     
          4.5.2.࠭筠 ࣠
     
          4.5.2.1.࠭ 堭
     
     80386    ᯮ        ஢   ⠡,   ८ࠧ 
ᯮ⥫  (  室    ᥣ樨)    䨧᪨ 
.  80386 ᯮ   ࠭筮 堭: 
     ࠭筠 ४;
     ⠡ ࠭;
     ᮡ⢥ ࠭ (࠭ ).
     
     ࠭      ࠧ  -  4  .    ࠧ 
࠭  頥   ࠢ         ࠭    
ࠣ樨.
        .4-19   ,    ࠡ⠥  堭  ࠭筮
     樨. 
     
                 4.5.2.2.  ਯ ࠭
     
     CR2 -  ॣ  訡  ᯮ⥫쭮    ࠭.   
     CR3  -  ॣ  䨧᪮  ४ਨ ࠭.  
࠭ 砫 䨧᪨  ४ਨ  ࠭.  訥  12 
  CR3  ᥣ   0,   ४ਨ ࠭ ᥣ । 
ࠧ ࠭. 
        MOV CR3, reg     室   
⠡  ࠭  ४祭  १ TSS,   
稭 CRO (. 4.5.4). 
     

                                     - 62 -
                
           
                 4.5.2.3.࠭筠 ४

     ࠭筠 ४ ࠧ஬ 4      1024 
室    ४  ࠭.    室  ࠭筮 ४ਨ 
ᮤন    ⠡  ᫥饣  ஢,  ⠡   ࠭    
ଠ      ⠡   ࠭.   ন  室  () 
४ਨ   .4-20. 
     
     訥   10      ᯮ⥫쭮      (   22...31) 
ᯮ          ।  ॡ㥬   
४ਨ ࠭. 
     
                    4.5.2.4. ࠭
     
       ⠡  ࠭  ꥬ 4  ࠭ 1024 
⠡.    ⠡  ࠭   ᮤঠ   砫   
࠭筮       ଠ    ࠭  (.
.4-21).
     
        12...21  ᮬ,  㪠뢠騬   
  1024  ⮢  ⠡  ࠭.  訥  20 ࠧ冷  
࠭筮      ꥤ      訬   12    ࠧ鸞 
ᯮ⥫쭮   ࠧ 䨧᪨ .  ࠭ 
   ᯮ짮  ᪮쪨  砬       
᪠. 
     
               4.5.2.5. ࠭ ४਩/⠡
     
     訥   12    ⮢  ࠭  ⠡    ⮢
४਩  ᮤঠ    ଠ     ࠭   
࠭ ⠡ ᮮ⢥⢥.
     ᫨  ।⠢ P=0,   ⠡  ४ਨ  
   ᯮ짮    ८ࠧ    (᫨  P=1  - 
).  ""      㣨    㯭    ᯮ짮 
ணࠬ  ᯥ祭.  ਬ,  ⠢訥  31       
ᯮ짮  㪠,   ᪥ ࠭ ࠭. 
      㯠  ()  ⠭  80386      ⨯
⮢  ।  㯮        뢠   ,
ᮯ殮  ⨬ ⮬.   (D)  ⠭
  1  ।        ᮮ⢥饬  ⠡
࠭.                          --------------------------------
     D    ।  ⮢ ४ਨ ࠭.  
 P, A, D  () 80386,  ନ 
横  "⥭  -  䨪  -  ",   設  
࠭ 䫨  㣨 ⨢묨 ⠬ 設. 
     ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ஥   ,  
ᯮ짮 䨪 LOCK  ࠭஢ 楫⭮ ࠭ 
⠡    짮⥫᪨  ⥬.  3  , 祭 OS 
RESERVED  .4-20   4-21  (  9...11)  ।  .   
᢮   ᯮ     ࠧ  楫    ᢮  . 
ਬ, ᯮ짮 OS RES      ଠ樨   
ᯮ짮  (ॢ)  ࠭.    ଠ  ⮬,  
 ࠭ 室  ,    ᯮ짮   
६饭 ࠭   "   ᯮ.". 
                

                                     - 64 -
           
           
         2   U/S   (짮⥫/㯥ࢨ)         1   R/W 
(⥭/)  ᯮ     ਡ       
࠭. 
     

             4.5.3.  ࠭筮 ஢
                   ( R/W  U/S)

     80386  ᯥ稢  ਡ    ⥬  ࠭筮 
࣠樥. 堭 ࠭筮 樨  ࠧ砥    ஢ 
:   짮⥫,    ᮮ⢥  ஢  3  , 
᭮  ᥣ஢,  㯥ࢨ,   砥   
⠫  ஢    (0,  1,  2).  ணࠬ,  믮塞  
஢ 0, 1. 2, 室  ࠭,  , ᭮  
ᥣ஢,  - ⠪ ন ୮. 
        U/S      R/W   ᯮ     ᯥ祭  
짮⥫/㯥ࢨ  ⥭/   ࠭  
 ࠭, 㪠뢠 ⮬ ४ਨ ⠡ ࠭.
       U/S    R/W  ஬ ஢  ࠭筮 ⠡
ᯮ  ᠭ ࠭, ⭮   .
      ࢮ ஢ ⠡ ४਩ ࠭    U/S    R/W
뢠      ࠭  ⠡,   ᮮ⢥騥   
४ਨ. 
       U/S    R/S    ࠭,  祭   ⮢ 
४ਨ ࠭ ⠡, ᯮ   ⢥  ࠭祭 
 樨  ࠭. 
     ਬ, ᫨ U/S  R/W    ४ਨ  ࠭
-  10,          ⠡ ࠭ - 01,  ࠢ
㯠  ࠭  01, . . 襥  .
     .4-4  뢠  ﭨ ⮢ U/S  R/W  㥬
.
         ᥣ        ॢ  ० 
⮫쪮 뢠 ( )  ஢ 0,  1,  2,   
ᯮ짮 堭  ᥣ樨 (. ⠡.4-4). 
     
           4.5.4. ।⥫쭮 ८ࠧ TLB
     
       ࠭筮 樨 80386 ஥஢  ⮬ 
ॡ ⥬  㠫쭮      ࠭筮  樥. 
,  ந⥫쭮 㤥 ᨫ쭮 ᭨, ᫨  
㤥 ॡ    ஢ ⠡   饭 
  .  襭 ⮩ ஡ 砥     
 -     ᯮ㥬 ࠭ (TLB). 
     TLB -   4-  室    樠⨢  ॣ஢   
࠭  32-    ࠭.  TLB ⮬᪨ 稢 
設⢮ ॡ㥬 ⮢ ࠭ ⠡  . 
     32- ⭠ TLB  ६  ᮢ  128   
   (࠭   ࠧ஬  4        ).   
設⢠    ⥬  樥    98   %. 
.4-22   ,    TLB  ॠ  堭  ࠭筮 
樨  80386. 

                                     - 66 -
                
           
                4.5.5.  ࠭筮 樨
           
     
        ⢫  ᫥騬  ࠧ.    ࠭筮 
樨 ਭ  32- ⮢  ᯮ⥫       
ᥣ樨.    訥    20   ࠧ冷   ᯮ⥫쭮    
ࠢ    ᥬ  32-  ⠬  TLB.  ᫨   
      TLB  (  ᮮ⢥騩  ),    32- 
ࠧ來 䨧᪨  ନ  뤠   設. 
     ᫨  ⠡  ࠭      TLB,    80386 
।⥫쭮 頥   ४ਨ ࠭. ᫨ =1  
 ࠭筮 ४ਨ,  㪠뢠    稥  ⠡ 
࠭  ,  80386 ।⥫쭮 뢠  ⠡ 
࠭  ⠭  㯠 (A). ᫨   ࠭筮 
⠡  =1,   㪠뢠  稥 ࠭  ,  80386 
⠭  A  D ⠪,  ॡ,   ந  롮 
࠭. 
     訥  20   ᯮ⥫쭮  뢠  ⠡ 
࠭    TLB   ﭭ  ᯮ짮.  ᫨ 
   ࠭筮 ४ਨ   ࠭筮 ⠡ 
=0,      ନ  訡  ࠭  (뢠  14). 
 ⠪ 㤥 ନ஢ 뢠 14, ᫨  饭 
   ਡ  U/S  R/W (ਬ,     
࠭,   ࠧ襭   ⮫쪮      뢠).   CR2  ࠭ 
ᯮ⥫ ,  뢠 訡 ࠭筮 樨. 
    뢠  14 CS: EIP 㤥 㪠뢠 ,
맢 訡 ࠭筮 樨.
     16-   ⮢      訡    ࠭      ⥪  
ணࠬ 㦨 訡  砥  ,  㪠뢠騥  
稭, 맢 訡. 
     16- ⮢  訡 ᯮ   । ⥩ 
ࠢ  訡.  .4-23     뢠 ଠ  訡  
  ⮢. 

                    砭
                訡  U/S,  W/R,  P    , 
ᮮ⢥騥                    
४ਨ/⠡  ࠭,       訡 
-ࠧ. .4-23  뢠,   ⨯  㯠  [  ] 
뢠 訡 ࠭筮 樨. 

     U/S.   㪠뢠,   ० 室 :  
짮⥫᪮  (U/S=1)      ०  㯥ࢨ  (U/S=0)  
 訡. 
     W/R.   㪠뢠,   訡  ⥭ (W/R=0)
  (W/R=1).
     P.     㪠뢠,      訡    ⢨
࠭  (=0)   襭 ࠢ  (=1).U  ।.
     
     4.5.6.易 樮 ⥬
     
     80386          ࠭樨   ᮢ   
࠭筮  樨,  ࠧ㦠      ⮣.  뢠 
     

                                     - 68 -
           
           
砫쭮 㧪 ⠡ ࠭   ࠢ  ࠡ⪮  訡 
࠭筮  樨.    ⠪  ॡ  ⢨⥫쭮 
(⪥) TLB,             
࠭筮 ⠡. 
         १㦠 CR3  ⪥ TLB. ८। 
⠡  -      १㧪  CR3  ᮬ   ࠭筮 
४ਨ      ६饭   ࠭⢠   ()  ࠭筮 
४ਨ  ࠭ ⠡. 
     ᭮ ⢥⢥  - ॠ ⥣ 窨   
ࠢ   ࠡ⪮      ᡮ  権    ࠭筮 
樨.    - ࠭஢,  ଠ   
TLB  ᮮ⢥  ଠ樨   ࠭ ⠡.  ⭮, 
⠭  ।⠢       ६  
㪠뢠    室 .   ᯮ짮  
२⢮,    CR3    (࠭)       TSS 
⭮      㯯  ,    ᮡ⢥  
࠭ ⠡. 
     
              4.6.   8086
     
            4.6.1.믮 ணࠬ 8086
     
     80386 ᯥ稢 믮 ਪ ணࠬ 8086     
०  ॠ쭮  樨  (RM),  ⠪   㠫쭮 ० 8086 
(VM).    ⮤ - VM - ᯥ稢 ࠧࠡ稪 ⥬ 
 . 
      ⭮, 80386 ᯥ稢 ।⢥ 믮  
  짮⥫᪨  ணࠬ    8086,       짮⥫᪨ 
ணࠬ  80286  80386. 
       ࠧ,    짮⥫᪮   ᭮
80386,   짮⥫    ࠡ    MS-DOS  spreadsheet,
㣮 -  MS-DOS,  ⨩ -  ⨫⠬  ਪ묨 ணࠬ
UNIX.
        ⮬,         짮⥫   ᮧ   
쭮  .
     .4-24   ਭ樯.
     
            4.6.2 堭 樨 ० VM 8086.
  
             ⫨稩  RM    PM  ०  8086  -  
  ᥫ.
        ࠡ⠥    ०  VM  8086,  ᥣ
ॣ ᯮ 筮 ० RM.
     ন  ᥣ⭮  ॣ  ᤢ      4  
᪫뢠  ᬥ饭, ࠧ ᯮ⥫ .
     80386  ᠬ  ।  ணࠬ ᯮ
堭 樨   8086,   -  ० PM.
         ()  ࠭筮  樨,  ࠭⢮
ᮢ  1  ,  ᯮ塞    VM  ०,    
ࠧ饭      4- ⭮ ࠭⢠ ᯮ⥫
ᮢ 80386.
      RM ०,  VM  ०    ॢ騥  1  
 뢠 뢠 13.
         ࠭祭       祭 묨, ..
設⢮  蠥  VM 8086 ०   ⮣ - 
॥ 짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ 8086.
     

                                     - 70 -
           
           
     
             4.6.3 ࠭筠   VM ०.

       ࠭筮 樨 ࠧ蠥 ࠫ ࠡ
᪮쪨   VM ०  ᯥ稢    ᨬ
 樮 ⥬.
           易⥫쭮   室   ᯮ짮   
     ०   VM,      室      ᯥ祭
६  믮  ᪮쪨       ६饭
࠭⢠ ᮢ   䨧᪮ ࠭⢥ ᮢ 
1 .
        ࠭筮   樨    20-  ⮢
ᯮ⥫  VM ணࠬ ࠧ  256 ࠭.  
   ࠭   ந쭮 ࠧ饭    4-
⭮ ࠭⢠ 䨧᪨ ᮢ 80386.
     ஬ ⮣, ..  CR3  (ॣ    ࠭筮  ४ਨ)
㦠    ४祭  ,     VM ०
  ᯮ짮  ᢮  奬  ࠧ饭  ࠭    ࠧ
࠭⢠ 䨧᪮ .
        襭     ᥬ,    ࠭筮  樨
  ࠧ     (ணࠬ)         ᪮쪨
ਪ묨 ணࠬ 8086.
     .4-24  뢠   ࠭筮 樨 80386
砥  ᪮쪮  ணࠬ  8086      ࠢ   ⥬
࠭筮 樨 㠫쭮 .
     
     
                           4.6.4 

       ணࠬ    ०  VM 믮  ਢ஢
஢ 3.  VM ० 믮  ஢ન,  ࠪ  
PM ०.
      ⮬ 砥 ⫨稥  RM ०,  筮
믮   ਢ஢  ஢  0.  ⮬,  ६
믮  ਢ஢    VM ० 㤥 ਢ 
 訡  (뢠 13).
     ᪮쪮  ⢨⥫  IOPL, ⮬   
믮    -뢮 (I/O), ⠭ IOPL=0, 
믮    ࠧ  IOPL=3.
     ..      RM   ०   ணࠬ   ᥣ   믮   
ਢ஢   ஢   0,      訡    祭  IOPL
⢨⥫   ନ.
        ᯮ㥬  ⮫쪮    ०  PM,  
।묨 ( 窨 ७ )  ० RM  VM.
       ०  RM    VM  뢠  6  㤥 뢠 ᫥騥
:
     ARPL, LAR, LSL, VERR, VERW, STR, LTR, SLDT  LLDT.
     
      ᫥ ਢ஢ .    믮
  RM ०,   뢠 뢠 13 (訡 饩 )
 VM ० , ᫨ CPL>0.
     LIDT, LGDT, LMSW, CTS, HLT, MOV, DRn, REG;
     MOV REG, DRn; MOV CRn, REG; MOV REG, CRn;
     MOV TRn, REG; MOV REG, TRn.
     
      ਢ  ନ 뢠 13 (訡 饩
),  CPL>IOPL.
     INS, IN, OUTS, OUT, STI, CLI, LOCK.
     

                                     - 71 -
                
           
       INTn,  PUSH F, POP F, IRET ⠭ ⢨⥫묨
IOPL ⮫쪮,   ࠡ⠥   ०  VM  (⨬,  
 INT3  INT0  ᪫祭  ⮣ ࠢ).
     
     
                  4.6.5 ࠢ 뢠ﬨ
     
       ᯥ祭    ᮢ⨬    設  ᭮
8086, 뢠  VM ० 㦨 ᢮ࠧ.   ࠡ
  ० VM  뢠  ᮡ 樨 뢠  
80386.  80386 । 㯨  뢠  PM ० 
 VM ०,   VM   ॣ ਧ (EFLAG),
࠭  ⥪.
      뢠 ணࠬ  ० VM, ந室 室  
ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 뢠 ஢ 0  VM  뢠.  
 ६,   ⠥ ࠢ 1    ᮤন  ॣ
ਧ, ࠭  ⥪.
       80386  ࠢ ࠡ⪮ 뢠  ᮡ 権 
頥 ࠢ ணࠬ 8086. 
       80386    :  ।   ࠢ ࠡ⪮
뢠  8086  㫨஢    ࠡ  ᠬ⥫쭮.
ਬ,    8086 뢠  PUSH  ࠬ஢
 ⥪  ⥬ 믮  INTn.
     ᫨ IOPL=0,   INTn     80386.
      80386  㫨஢ ⥬   8086.  .4-25
뢠,   80386  ਭ 맮 " 䠩" 
8086.
       80386    ᯥ稢  㦥  㠫쭮  8086,
,   ᫥饩 樨 맮  8086 
  IN  OUT.
     
     
           4.6.6 樠  ४饭 ० VM 8086
     
       ० VM 樠 ନ஢ ଠ CALL  
JUMP  TSS,     VM    ⠭    1  (   
EFLAGS). 
      室   ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨  뢠    ஢
[ਢ஢]  0 ⠭ VM  ⠪ 뢠  
VM ०.
      ⮤ ᯮ  砫 믮      VM
०,   ⮣      ன   -        ணࠬ
㦨 뢠  ० VM.
     室    VM  ०  ᮯ஢    ஢
[ਢ஢]    ४祭  ⥪. ஬ ⮣, 祭
ᥣ ॣ஢ 㡨  ⥪  ⥬ 㦠  㫥묨
ᥫࠬ.
       ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 뢠 㦨 
१ ᥣ ॣ,    ᥫ  80286,  
 ᥣ ॣ஢ 8086.
     뢠騥  ணࠬ,  室 祭 ᥣ
ॣ஢     祭 (   ᬮ)  १
⥪.
     ४饭   (室  )  ०  VM  ᮮ⢥  ⮬
室 JUMP  TSS ( ஢ 0),     VM=1.    ⮬
砥 ந室 ४祭 . 
     
