                      Borland C++ 3.1
    

                 ।⢠ ࡮ ᥬ ᨨ 3.1
     

          ࡮ ᥬ ᨨ 3.1 ।ᬠਢ  ᫥騥  
     ।⢠:

          1. ७ 樨 SETFIELD  GETFIELD.

              室  祭  ᮢ   楫 ॣ஬,
              SETFIELD   믮   OR  
             室 祭.  ⮣ SETFIELD 㤥 ᯥ-
             ,  ⠭  楫 ॣ  -
             묨.

             筮, ᫨   ᯮ  ᮢ 室
              楫 ॣ   GETFIELD,    
                㤥 ஢ 㭪樮 
             "MOV ਥ, 筨".

          2. ⥫ ࠬ  ப.

             ࡮ ᥬ 3.1   ⥯    -
             ⥫ ꥪ ଠ, ᯮ㥬 ⤥묨 -
             騪.  ᫥騥 ࠬ:

     Ŀ
         ࠬ      祭                                    
     Ĵ
        /o              ⠭ ᮢ⨬  TLINK
                       ꥪ 䠩      ࠧ襭 প
                       ૥.                                   
                                                                   
        /oi             ꥪ 䠩  ଠ, ᮢ-
                       ⨬  騪 IBM.               
                                                                   
        /op             ꥪ 䠩  ଠ, ᮢ-
                       ⨬  騪 Phar Lap.          
                                                                   
        /os             ⠭ ᮢ⨬  TLINK
                       ꥪ 䠩      饭 প
                       ૥.  ࠬ    㬮-
                       .                                        
     

          3.  ਡ ᥣ  ।०  樠-
              ᥣ.

             ਡ ᥣ UNINIT     ।-
             ७  樠஢   樠-
             ஢ ᥣ .  ᯮ짮  ਡ
              ᠭ ᥣ   ஢ ।०-
             饥 ᮮ饭, 㢥饥  ⮩ ஡.

             ਢ ਬ ᥣ⭮ ४⨢,  ᯮ饩 
             ਡ:

                 BSS SEGMENT PUBLIC WORD UNINIT 'BSS'

              ४⨢  㤥 ஢ ᫥饥 ।०-
             饥 ᮮ饭:

                Warning: Data or code written to uninitialized segment
                (।०:    뢠   -
                樠஢ ᥣ)

                 饭  ᮮ饭 ᯮ ४⨢
                NOWARN UNI.   ࠧ  ᮮ饭   -
                 ४⨢ WARN UNI.

          4. ४⨢ PUSHSTATE  POPSTATE.

             ४⨢ PUSHSTATE ࠭ ⥪饥 ⨢ -
              ७ ⥪,  饣 㡨 16 ஢.  -
             ४⨢ PUSHSTATE ᮡ ,  ᫨     
               ப,  㭪樨騩 ᨬ  ⥪饣
             ⨢ ﭨ,    騩  ⥪騩 -
             ⨢ ०.

             ࠭塞 ࡮  ᥬ஬ ଠ  ﭨ -
             ন:

             - ⥪  樨 (ਬ, T310);
             - 롮 ० (ਬ, IDEAL, MASM, QUIRKS, MASM51);
             - ४⥫ EMUL  NOEMUL;
             - 롮 ⥪饣   ᮯ;
             - ४⥫ MULTERRS  NOMULTERRS;
             - ४⥫ SMART  NOSMART;
             - ⥪饥 ᭮ ⥬ ᫥;
             - ४⥫ JUMPS  NOJUMPS;
             - ४⥫ LOCALS  NOLOCALS;
             - ⥪騩 䨪 쭮 ᨬ.

                ᫥  ࠭ ﭨ  ⥪
             ᯮ ४⨢ POPSTATE.

     ; ਬ ४⨢ PUSHSTATE  POPSTATE

     ideal
     model small
     codeseg

     jumps
     locals  @@

             ; 뢠    ﭨ ,  ᭮
             ; ᥫ  ० JUMPS
             pushstate
             nojumps
             radix   2          ; ⠭  筮 ᭮
             p386
             jl      next1      ; ᫥ ⮣  ⥫ NOPS
             mov     eax,100    ;  100 砥 筮 ᫮
                                ; 100  筮 4.
     next1:
             popstate           ; ⠭ JUMPS  ०  386.

             ;   ४⨢ JUMPS,  386  筮 ᭮-
             ; 

             jl      next2      ;  ⥫ NOPS 
                                ; ࠡ⪨ JUMPS
             xor     eax,eax    ;   ० 386!

             mov     cx,100     ;  100 砥 筮 100

             pushstate
             MULTERRS
             mov     ax,[bp+abc
             popstate

             mov     ax,[bp+abc


             ; 뢠  饭  쭮     ⢨
             ; 䨪஢
             locals
     next2:
     @@a:    loop @@a
     next3:
     @@a:    loop @@a           ; ⨬   ⢨
                                ; NEXT2:  NEXT3:

             pushstate
             nolocals
     next4:
     @@b:    loop @@b
     next5:
     @@b:    loop @@b           ;  ਢ  䫨 -
                                ; 쭮
             popstate

             ; 뢠  䨪 쭮 䨪
             ;  ० MASM/IDEAL
             pushstate
             masm
             locals @$

     testproc proc              ;  MASM  ᠭ 楤
              jmp    @$end

     @$end:   nop
     @@end:   ret
     testproc endp

     testproc2 proc
             jmp    @$end
     @$end:  nop                ;   ਢ  䫨  ⪮
                                ;  TESTPROC
     @@end:  ret                ;  ⪠ ਢ  䫨
     testproc2 endp
             popstate


             ;  ୥  @@  ⢥ 쭮  䨪  
             ; ० IDEAL
     testproc2b proc            ;  㤥 ࠡ, ⠪   ᭮
                                ;  ० IDEAL
             ret
     testproc2b  endp           ;    訡.

     proc    testproc3
             jmp    @$end2
     @$end2: nop
     @@end2: ret
     endp    testproc3

     proc    testproc4
             jmp    @$end2
     @$end2: nop                ;  ⪠  ਢ  䫨
     @@end2: ret                ;  ⪠  ਢ  䫨
                                ;  ⪮  TESTPROC3
     endp    testproc4
     end


          5.  ४⨢ .

              ४⨢     ࠡ  ⮩
             486SX.

             .487 - ࠧ蠥 ᥬ 権  ᫮  -
                     487.     ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮 
                    ० MASM.

             P487 - ࠧ蠥 ᥬ 権  ᫮  -
                     487.    ࠡ⠥   -
                     MASM, ⠪   ० Ideal.

          6. ⠭ ⥪⮢ ᢠ.

              襭 ᮢ⨬  MASM  TASM 3.1  -
               ࠪ ⠭ ⥪⮢ ᢠ. 
             ਢ  ⮬,       TASM 3.1  訡,
               ࠭  ᯮᮡ:

             1) ᯮ  ४⨢  ப /UT300  -
                 ࠡ⪨  ⨫ TASM 3.0.

             2)  砫 ப,   뢠 訡   TASM  3.1,
                   TASM 3.0,   ᯮ  ⥪⮢
                ய⠭ %.

             ਬ஬ ⮣  䠩 WHEREIS.   WHEREIS, ࠧ-
                ।   ப ᫥騬 -
             ࠧ:

                TASM /dMDL=small iwhereis.asm

             ⥬  IWHEREIS.ASM,   ஢, ⮡ 㡥-
             ,   । MDL,  , ᫨  ⠪,  TASM 3.0 -
              ᫥ ப :

                model MDL

             TASM 3.0 । ᫥ ࠦ ⮬᪨  -
             ⠢ 祭 MDL.  TASM 3.1 ⥯ ॡ   -
              㪠  %:

                % model MDL


                         ࠢ  
              "㪮 짮⥫  ࡮ ᥬ"
     

                                ࠢ

           p.  333  ਫ D, "⨫," ,  -
     筮  ।⢮ ࡮ ᥬ 뢠 TASMHELP.   
     ᯮ짮 TASMHELP  뢠   㪮⢥ ⮫쪮
     ᫨ ⠭ ࡮ ᥬ  ⠫, ⫨筮  Borland C
     ++.   ⨢ 砥 ᫥ ᯮ짮 ⨫ THELP, -
      ஢ ⠪ ࠧ,     -
      ࠢ 䠩   .

          ⨫ THELP  ᯮ짮 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          1) ᫥ ⠭ Borland C++  ࡮  ᥬ  맮
             THELP  ⢥  ᪠ DOS.

          2) ⮡  뢥  㯭 ࠢ 䠩,  
              ALT-F.

          3)  㯠  ࠢ筮 ଠ樨   ࡮  ᥬ
             롥 䠩 TASM.TAH.

